/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 32 Explain why pressure affects the... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 13: Problem 32

Explain why pressure affects the solubility of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in water, but not the solubility of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) in water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In summary, pressure affects the solubility of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in water because, according to Henry's Law, the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to its partial pressure. As pressure increases, more gas molecules are forced into the liquid, increasing solubility. However, pressure does not significantly affect the solubility of a solid like \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) in water, since the dissolution process relies more on temperature and the properties of the solute and solvent, rather than pressure.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding solubility

Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. In this situation, the substances are \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) (gas) and \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) (salt), and the solvent is water. The solubility of a substance depends on various factors, including temperature, pressure, and the nature of the substance and solvent.
02

How pressure affects the solubility of gases

According to Henry's Law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. This means that when the pressure of a gas above the liquid increases, the gas molecules are pushed more forcefully into the liquid, causing more gas to dissolve. In the case of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in water, an increase in pressure will lead to higher solubility as more oxygen molecules are forced into the liquid.
03

How pressure affects the solubility of solids

The solubility of a solid in a liquid, such as \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) in water, is not significantly affected by pressure. This is because the dissolution process of a solid in a liquid involves breaking the solid's crystal lattice, which is not dependent on pressure. The solubility of a solid is mainly influenced by temperature and the nature of the solute and solvent.
04

Conclusion

To sum up, pressure affects the solubility of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in water because the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas, as explained by Henry's Law. However, pressure does not significantly influence the solubility of a solid like \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) in water, as the dissolution process of a solid is mainly dependent on temperature and the nature of the substances involved, rather than pressure.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

At ordinary body temperature \(\left(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\) the solubility of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) in water in contact with air at ordinary atmospheric pressure \((1.0 \mathrm{~atm})\) is \(0.015 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{L}\). Air is approximately \(78 \mathrm{~mol} \% \mathrm{~N}_{2}\). Calculate the number of moles of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) dissolved per liter of blood, which is essentially an aqueous solution. At a depth of \(100 \mathrm{ft}\) in water, the pressure is \(4.0 \mathrm{~atm}\). What is the solubility of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) from air in blood at this pressure? If a scuba diver suddenly surfaces from this depth, how many milliliters of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) gas, in the form of tiny bubbles, are released into the bloodstream from each liter of blood?

(a) A sample of hydrogen gas is generated in a closed container by reacting \(2.050 \mathrm{~g}\) of zinc metal with \(15.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(1.00 \mathrm{M}\) sulfuric acid. Write the balanced equation for the reaction, and calculate the number of moles of hydrogen formed, assuming that the reaction is complete. (b) The volume over the solution is \(122 \mathrm{~mL}\). Calculate the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas in this volume at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), ignoring any solubility of the gas in the solution. (c) The Henry's law constant for hydrogen in water at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(7.8 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{L}-\mathrm{atm} .\) Estimate the number of moles of hydrogen gas that remain dissolved in the solution. What fraction of the gas molecules in the system is dissolved in the solution? Was it reasonable to ignore any dissolved hydrogen in part (b)?

Consider two solutions, one formed by adding \(10 \mathrm{~g}\) of glucose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right)\) to \(1 \mathrm{~L}\) of water and the other formed by adding \(10 \mathrm{~g}\) of sucrose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}\right)\) to \(1 \mathrm{~L}\) of water. Are the vapor pressures over the two solutions the same? Why or why not?

Fish need at least 4 ppm dissolved \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) for survival. (a) What is this concentration in mol/L? (b) What partial pressure of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) above the water is needed to obtain this concentration at \(10{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? (The Henry's law constant for \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) at this temperature is \(\left.1.71 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{L}-\mathrm{atm} .\right)\)

How does increasing the concentration of a nonvolatile solute in water affect the following properties: (a) vapor pressure, (b) freezing point, (c) boiling point; (d) osmotic pressure?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.