/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 43 Draw the structure of the monome... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 12: Problem 43

Draw the structure of the monomer(s) employed to form each of the following polymers shown in Table \(12.5\) (a) polyvinyl chloride, (b) nylon 6,6, (c) polyethylene terephthalate.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structures of the monomers for the given polymers are as follows: (a) polyvinyl chloride: \(CH_2=CHCl\) (b) nylon 6,6: adipic acid (\(HOOC-(CH_2)_4-COOH\)) and hexamethylene diamine (\(H_2N-(CH_2)_6-NH_2\)) (c) polyethylene terephthalate: terephthalic acid (\(\begin{array}{c}O\\ ||\\ HO-C-(C_6H_4)-C-H\\ ||\\ O\end{array}\)) and ethylene glycol (\(HO-CH_2-CH_2-OH\))

Step by step solution

01

The Monomers of Polyvinyl Chloride

To draw the structure of the monomer used for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), we need to understand that PVC is formed by polymerizing vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C\(_2\)H\(_3\)Cl.
02

The Structure of Vinyl Chloride

Vinyl chloride has a double bond between its two carbon atoms, and one carbon atom is also bonded to a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom. Using this information, the structure of vinyl chloride can be drawn as shown below: \[CH_2=CHCl\]
03

The Monomers of Nylon 6,6

For nylon 6,6, it is a condensation polymer formed from the reaction between adipic acid (a 6-carbon dicarboxylic acid) and hexamethylene diamine (a 6-carbon diamine). The monomers used in this case are adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine.
04

The Structure of Adipic Acid

Adipic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 6 carbon atoms, with carboxyl groups at each end of the molecule. Its structure can be drawn as: \[HOOC-(CH_2)_4-COOH\]
05

The Structure of Hexamethylene Diamine

Hexamethylene diamine is an amine with 6 carbon atoms and amine groups at each end of the molecule. Its structure can be drawn as: \[H_2N-(CH_2)_6-NH_2\]
06

The Monomer of Polyethylene Terephthalate

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is formed by reacting terephthalic acid (a dicarboxylic acid) and ethylene glycol (a diol). The monomers used in this case are terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
07

The Structure of Terephthalic Acid

Terephthalic acid has a benzene ring with two carboxyl groups at opposite ends. Its structure can be drawn as: \[\begin{array}{c}O\\ ||\\ HO-C-(C_6H_4)-C-H\\ ||\\ O\end{array}\]
08

The Structure of Ethylene Glycol

Ethylene glycol has 2 carbon atoms and contains a hydroxyl group at each end of the molecule. Its structure can be drawn as: \[HO-CH_2-CH_2-OH\] In summary, the structures of the monomers for the given polymers are as follows: (a) polyvinyl chloride: \(CH_2=CHCl\) (b) nylon 6,6: adipic acid (\(HOOC-(CH_2)_4-COOH\)) and hexamethylene diamine (\(H_2N-(CH_2)_6-NH_2\)) (c) polyethylene terephthalate: terephthalic acid (\(\begin{array}{c}O\\ ||\\ HO-C-(C_6H_4)-C-H\\ ||\\ O\end{array}\)) and ethylene glycol (\(HO-CH_2-CH_2-OH\))

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

State whether each statement is true or false, and why. (a) Semiconductors have a larger band gap than insulators. (b) Doping a semiconductor makes it more conductive. (c) Metals have delocalized electrons. (d) Most metal oxides are insulators.

Look up the diameter of a silicon atom, in \(\AA\). The channel length in a Pentium 4 processor chip is \(65 \mathrm{~nm}\) long. How many silicon atoms does this correspond to?

Explain why "bands" may not be the most accurate description of bonding in a solid when the solid has nanoscale dimensions.

A sample of the superconducting oxide \(\mathrm{HgBa}_{2} \mathrm{Ca}_{2} \mathrm{Cu}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{8+x}\) is found to contain \(14.99 \%\) oxygen by mass. (a) Assuming that all other elements are present in the ratios represented by the formula, what is the value of \(x\) in the formula? (b) Which of the metallicelements in the compound is (are) most likely to have noninteger average charges? Explain your answer. (c) Which of the metallic ions in the substance is likely to have the largest ionic radius? Which will have the smallest?

In the superconducting ceramic \(\mathrm{YBa}_{2} \mathrm{Cu}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{7}\), what is the average oxidation state of copper, assuming that \(Y\) and Ba are in their expected oxidation states? Yttrium can be replaced with a rare-earth element such as La, and Ba can be replaced with other similar elements without fundamentally changing the superconducting properties of the material. However, general replacement of copper by any other element leads to a loss of superconductivity.In what respects is the electron configuration of copper different from that of the other two metallic elements in this compound?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.