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Chapter 11: Problem 9

List the three states of matter in order of (a) increasing molecular disorder and (b) increasing intermolecular attractions. (c) Which state of matter is most easily compressed?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The states of matter in order of increasing molecular disorder are solid, liquid, and gas. (b) The states of matter in order of increasing intermolecular attractions are gas, liquid, and solid. (c) The state of matter most easily compressed is the gas state.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the three states of matter

In order to complete this task, we need to have an understanding of the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. - In a solid, molecules are closely packed together in an organized and regular pattern. They vibrate in place but don't move around much. - In a liquid, molecules are still close together, but they move more freely, allowing the liquid to take the shape of its container. - In a gas, molecules are farther apart and move freely, randomly, and quickly. A gas takes the shape of its container and fills the container completely. With this understanding, we can arrange the three states of matter based on their molecular disorder and intermolecular attractions.
02

List states in order of increasing molecular disorder

Molecular disorder increases as the molecules become less organized and move more randomly. - In the solid state, the molecules have the least disorder, as they are closely packed and have a regular pattern. - In the liquid state, molecules have more disorder than solids, as they can move around more freely. - In the gas state, molecules have the greatest disorder, as they move randomly and quickly. So, the states of matter in order of increasing molecular disorder are solid, liquid, and gas.
03

List states in order of increasing intermolecular attractions

Intermolecular attractions are forces between molecules that hold them together. These attractions decrease as the distance between molecules increases. - In the solid state, the molecules are closely packed together, so the intermolecular attractions are the strongest. - In the liquid state, molecules are still close together but not as much as in solids, so the intermolecular attractions are weaker than in solids but stronger than in gases. - In the gas state, molecules are far apart, so the intermolecular attractions are the weakest. So, the states of matter in order of increasing intermolecular attractions are gas, liquid, and solid.
04

Identify the state of matter most easily compressed

A state of matter is considered easily compressible when there is a significant reduction in volume with the application of pressure. As we know: - In a solid, molecules are closely packed, so compressing a solid would require forcing these tightly packed molecules even closer together. - In a liquid, the molecules are slightly farther apart but still close together, making it moderately compressible. - In a gas, the molecules are far apart and have a lot of empty space between them, which means gases can be compressed easily when pressure is applied. Therefore, the state of matter most easily compressed is the gas state.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Compounds like \(\mathrm{CCl}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{2}\) are known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. These compounds were once widely used as refrigerants but are now being replaced by compounds that are believed to be less harmful to the environment. The heat of vaporization of \(\mathrm{CCl}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{2}\) is \(289 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g}\). What mass of this substance must evaporate to freeze \(200 \mathrm{~g}\) of water initially at \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) (The heat of fusion of water is \(334 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g} ;\) the specific heat of water is \(4.18 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g}-\mathrm{K}\).)

Explain the following observations: (a) The surface tension of \(\mathrm{CHBr}_{3}\) is greater than that of \(\mathrm{CHCl}_{3}\). (b) As temperature increases, oil flows faster through a narrow tube. (c) Raindrops that collect on a waxed automobile hood take on a nearly spherical shape. (d) Oil droplets that collect on a waxed automobile hood take on a flat shape.

The normal melting and boiling points of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) are \(-218{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(-183{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) respectively. Its triple point is at \(-219^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1.14\) torr, and its critical point is at \(-119^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(49.8\) atm. (a) Sketch the phase diagram for \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\), showing the four points given and indicating the area in which each phase is stable. (b) Will \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(s)\) float on \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(I)\) ? Explain. (c) As it is heated, will solid \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) sublime or melt under a pressure of 1 atm?

Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following: (a) high mobility of electrons throughout the solid; (b) softness, relatively low melting point; (c) high melting point and poor electrical conductivity; (d) network of covalent bonds; (e) charged particles throughout the solid.

Look up and compare the normal boiling points and normal melting points of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\). (a) Based on these physical properties, which substance has stronger intermolecular forces? What kind of intermolecular forces exist for each molecule? (b) Predict whether solid \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\) is more or less dense than liquid \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\). How does this compare to \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) ? Explain. (c) Water has an unusually high specific heat. Is this related to its intermolecular forces? Explain.
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