/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 9 List the three states of matter ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 11: Problem 9

List the three states of matter in order of (a) increasing molecular disorder and (b) increasing intermolecular attractions. (c) Which state of matter is most easily compressed?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The states of matter in order of increasing molecular disorder are solid, liquid, and gas. (b) The states of matter in order of increasing intermolecular attractions are gas, liquid, and solid. (c) The state of matter most easily compressed is the gas state.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the three states of matter

In order to complete this task, we need to have an understanding of the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. - In a solid, molecules are closely packed together in an organized and regular pattern. They vibrate in place but don't move around much. - In a liquid, molecules are still close together, but they move more freely, allowing the liquid to take the shape of its container. - In a gas, molecules are farther apart and move freely, randomly, and quickly. A gas takes the shape of its container and fills the container completely. With this understanding, we can arrange the three states of matter based on their molecular disorder and intermolecular attractions.
02

List states in order of increasing molecular disorder

Molecular disorder increases as the molecules become less organized and move more randomly. - In the solid state, the molecules have the least disorder, as they are closely packed and have a regular pattern. - In the liquid state, molecules have more disorder than solids, as they can move around more freely. - In the gas state, molecules have the greatest disorder, as they move randomly and quickly. So, the states of matter in order of increasing molecular disorder are solid, liquid, and gas.
03

List states in order of increasing intermolecular attractions

Intermolecular attractions are forces between molecules that hold them together. These attractions decrease as the distance between molecules increases. - In the solid state, the molecules are closely packed together, so the intermolecular attractions are the strongest. - In the liquid state, molecules are still close together but not as much as in solids, so the intermolecular attractions are weaker than in solids but stronger than in gases. - In the gas state, molecules are far apart, so the intermolecular attractions are the weakest. So, the states of matter in order of increasing intermolecular attractions are gas, liquid, and solid.
04

Identify the state of matter most easily compressed

A state of matter is considered easily compressible when there is a significant reduction in volume with the application of pressure. As we know: - In a solid, molecules are closely packed, so compressing a solid would require forcing these tightly packed molecules even closer together. - In a liquid, the molecules are slightly farther apart but still close together, making it moderately compressible. - In a gas, the molecules are far apart and have a lot of empty space between them, which means gases can be compressed easily when pressure is applied. Therefore, the state of matter most easily compressed is the gas state.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The table shown here lists the molar heats of vaporization for several organic compounds. Use specific examples from this list to illustrate how the heat of vaporization varies with (a) molar mass, (b) molecular shape, (c) molecular polarity, (d) hydrogen-bonding interactions. Explain these comparisons in terms of the nature of the intermolecular forces at work. You may find it helpful to draw out the structural formula for each compound.) $$ \begin{array}{ll} \hline \text { Compound } & \begin{array}{l} \text { Heat of } \\ \text { Vaporization (kJ/mol) } \end{array} \\ \hline \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3} & 19.0 \\ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3} & 27.6 \\ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHBrCH}_{3} & 31.8 \\ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3} & 32.0 \\ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Br} & 33.6 \\ \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH} & 47.3 \\ \hline \end{array} $$

Using the following list of normal boiling points for a series of hydrocarbons, estimate the normal boiling point for octane, \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}:\) propane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8},-42.1{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\), bu- tane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10},-0.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\), pentane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}, 36.1^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\), hexane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}, 68.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\), heptane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{16}, 98.4{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\). Explain the trend in the boiling points.

Appendix B lists the vapor pressure of water at various external pressures. (a) Plot the data in Appendix \(B\), vapor pressure (torr) vs. temperature \(\left({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\). From your plot, estimate the vapor pressure of water at body temperature, \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (b) Explain the significance of the data point at \(760.0\) torr, \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (c) A city at an altitude of \(5000 \mathrm{ft}\) above sea level has a barometric pressure of 633 torr. To what temperature would you have to heat water to boil it in this city? (d) A city at an altitude of \(500 \mathrm{ft}\) below sea level would have a barometric pressure of 774 torr. To what temperature would you have to heat water to boil it in this city? (e) For the two cities in parts (c) and (d), compare the average kinetic energies of the water molecules at their boiling points. Are the kinetic energies the same or different? Explain.

For many years drinking water has been cooled in hot climates by evaporating it from the surfaces of canvas bags or porous clay pots. How many grams of water can be cooled from \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) by the evaporation of \(60 \mathrm{~g}\) of water? (The heat of vaporization of water in this temperature range is \(2.4 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{g}\). The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g-K.)

Clausthalite is a mineral composed of lead selenide (PbSe). The mineral adopts a NaCl-type structure. The density of PbSe at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(8.27 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). Calculate the length of an edge of the PbSe unit cell.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.