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Chapter 11: Problem 57

(a) Draw a picture that represents a crystalline solid at the atomic level. (b) Now draw a picture that represents an amorphous solid at the atomic level.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) A crystalline solid at the atomic level can be represented by drawing a lattice structure, such as a square or hexagonal grid, with atoms or molecules placed at each point in a regular, repeating pattern. This illustrates the long-range order in crystalline solids. (b) An amorphous solid at the atomic level can be represented by drawing several atoms or molecules arranged in a disordered, random fashion. This illustrates the lack of a well-defined long-range order or repeating pattern found in amorphous solids.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the atomic structure of a crystalline solid

A crystalline solid is characterized by a regular and repeating pattern of its constituent atoms or molecules. These atoms or molecules are arranged in a well-defined lattice structure, resulting in a long-range order. Each unit cell in the lattice is identical and can be translated to neighboring unit cells without changing the arrangement.
02

Draw a representation of a crystalline solid at the atomic level

To draw a crystalline solid, start by drawing a lattice structure (for example, a square or a hexagonal grid). Then, place an atom or a molecule at each point of the lattice. Make sure the pattern is regular and repeating, which represents the long-range order. The final drawing should have a clear and organized arrangement of atoms or molecules.
03

Understand the atomic structure of an amorphous solid

The basic difference between a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid lies in their atomic arrangement. Unlike crystalline solids, amorphous solids do not have a well-defined long-range order. Instead, the atoms or molecules in an amorphous solid are arranged in a disordered, random fashion, without a repeating pattern or periodicity.
04

Draw a representation of an amorphous solid at the atomic level

To draw an amorphous solid, draw several atoms or molecules without following a specific pattern or lattice structure. Ensure that the arrangement is disordered and lacks the long-range order found in crystalline solids. The final drawing should show a random arrangement of atoms or molecules that do not follow a repeating pattern.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Iridium crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit cell that has an edge length of \(3.833 \AA\). The atom in the center of the face is in contact with the corner atoms, as shown in the drawing. (a) Calculate the atomic radius of an iridium atom. (b) Calculate the density of iridium metal.

Hydrazine \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NNH}_{2}\right)\), hydrogen peroxide \((\mathrm{HOOH})\), and water \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)\) all have exceptionally high surface tensions compared with other substances of comparable molecular weights. (a) Draw the Lewis structures for these three compounds. (b) What structural property do these substances have in common, and how might that account for the high surface tensions?

True or false: (a) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) is more volatile than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (b) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has a higher boiling point than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (c) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has weaker intermolecular forces than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (d) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has a higher vapor pressure at the same temperature than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\)

For many years drinking water has been cooled in hot climates by evaporating it from the surfaces of canvas bags or porous clay pots. How many grams of water can be cooled from \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) by the evaporation of \(60 \mathrm{~g}\) of water? (The heat of vaporization of water in this temperature range is \(2.4 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{g}\). The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g-K.)

The relative humidity of air equals the ratio of the partial pressure of water in the air to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at the same temperature, times \(100 \%\). If the relative humidity of the air is \(58 \%\) and its temperature is \(68^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\), how many molecules of water are present in a room measuring \(12 \mathrm{ft} \times 10 \mathrm{ft} \times 8 \mathrm{ft}\) ?
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