Chapter 11: Problem 48
Explain the following observations: (a) Water evaporates more quickly on a hot, dry day than on a hot, humid day. (b) It takes longer to boil water for tea at high altitudes than at lower altitudes.
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Chapter 11: Problem 48
Explain the following observations: (a) Water evaporates more quickly on a hot, dry day than on a hot, humid day. (b) It takes longer to boil water for tea at high altitudes than at lower altitudes.
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Liquid butane, \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}\), is stored in cylinders, to be used as a fuel. The normal boiling point of butane is listed as \(-0.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (a) Suppose the tank is standing in the sun and reaches a temperature of \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Would you expect the pressure in the tank to be greater or less than atmospheric pressure? How does the pressure within the tank depend on how much liquid butane is in it? (b) Suppose the valve to the tank is opened and a few liters of butane are allowed to escape rapidly. What do you expect would happen to the temperature of the remaining liquid butane in the tank? Explain. (c) How much heat must be added to vaporize \(250 \mathrm{~g}\) of butane if its heat of vaporization is \(21.3 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) ? What volume does this much butane occupy at 755 torr and \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ?
Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between (a) all molecules, (b) polar molecules, (c) the hydrogen atom of a polar bond and a nearby small electronegative atom?
True or false: (a) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) is more volatile than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (b) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has a higher boiling point than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (c) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has weaker intermolecular forces than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\). (d) \(\mathrm{CBr}_{4}\) has a higher vapor pressure at the same temperature than \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\)
Which member of the following pairs has the larger London dispersion forces: (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) or \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\), (b) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{CO}\), (c) \(\mathrm{SiH}_{4}\) or \(\mathrm{GeH}_{4} ?\)
Explain why the heat of fusion of any substance is generally lower than its heat of vaporization.
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