Problem 1 Write the formulas for the follo... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 4: Problem 1

Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds: a. ammonium bicarbonate b. cobalt III nitrite c. lead IV oxide d. potassium hydroxide e. silver phosphide f. mercury I sulfite

Short Answer

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a. NH鈧凥CO鈧�, b. Co(NO鈧�)鈧�, c. PbO鈧�, d. KOH, e. Ag鈧働, f. Hg鈧係O鈧�.

Step by step solution

Understanding Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds consist of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions). The compound is neutral overall, meaning the total positive charge is balanced by the total negative charge. Each formula involves the combination of appropriate cations and anions.

Identifying Types of Ions

Recognize the types of ions involved in each compound. For example: a. Ammonium bicarbonate: NH鈧勨伜 and HCO鈧冣伝 b. Cobalt III nitrite: Co鲁鈦� and NO鈧傗伝 c. Lead IV oxide: Pb鈦粹伜 and O虏鈦� d. Potassium hydroxide: K鈦� and OH鈦� e. Silver phosphide: Ag鈦� and P鲁鈦� f. Mercury I sulfite: (Hg鈧�)虏鈦� and SO鈧兟测伝.

Writing Formulas by Balancing Charges

Balance the charges by determining the simplest ratio of ions required to achieve neutrality for each compound: a. Ammonium bicarbonate: NH鈧勨伜 + HCO鈧冣伝 results in NH鈧凥CO鈧� b. Cobalt III nitrite: Co鲁鈦� + 3(NO鈧傗伝) results in Co(NO鈧�)鈧� c. Lead IV oxide: Pb鈦粹伜 + 2(O虏鈦�) results in PbO鈧� d. Potassium hydroxide: K鈦� + OH鈦� results in KOH e. Silver phosphide: 3(Ag鈦�) + P鲁鈦� results in Ag鈧働 f. Mercury I sulfite: (Hg鈧�)虏鈦� + SO鈧兟测伝 results in Hg鈧係O鈧�.

Verify the Neutrality and Simplify

Check each formula to ensure the sum of the charges equals zero, confirming it's neutral. Simplify ratios as needed and ensure polyatomic ions are correctly grouped. The formulas from Step 3 are already simplified.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemical Formulas

Ionic compounds are determined by their chemical formulas, which represent the ratio of their ionic constituents. Each formula is a compact way to show the composition of a compound. The chemical formula provides the simplest ratio of positive ions (cations) to negative ions (anions) necessary to achieve a neutral compound.

For example, in a formula like Co(NO鈧�)鈧�, Co represents the cobalt ion while NO鈧� represents the nitrite ion.
Subscripts following ions indicate the number of each ion present in the compound.

The goal is to balance these ions to maintain electrical neutrality. It's essential to understand how to derive and interpret these formulas to grasp the nature of ionic compounds fully.

Cation and Anion Identification

Identifying cations and anions is a fundamental step in writing chemical formulas for ionic compounds. Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged.

For example, in potassium hydroxide (KOH), K鈦� is the cation derived from potassium, and OH鈦� is the anion representing the hydroxide ion.
This step involves knowing the common ions and their charges.

Proper identification ensures that you can correctly pair these ions to form a neutral compound. It's also crucial to recognize ions with multiple possible charges, such as transition metals, which may form different compounds based on their charge state.

Charge Balancing

Charge balancing is the process of ensuring that the total positive charge equals the total negative charge in an ionic compound. This involves adjusting the ratio of cations and anions.

For instance, in lead IV oxide (PbO鈧�), the lead ion (Pb鈦粹伜) pairs with two oxide ions (O虏鈦�) to balance charges.
Each type of ion has a specific charge that needs to be accounted for.

By matching these charges, we ensure the compound is electrically neutral. Mastering this skill is vital for writing correct chemical formulas for any ionic compound.

Ionic Neutrality

The principle of ionic neutrality states that an ionic compound must have a net charge of zero. This means that the total positive charge from the cations must equal the total negative charge from the anions.

For example, ammonium bicarbonate (NH鈧凥CO鈧�) is neutral because the charge of NH鈧勨伜 balances the charge of HCO鈧冣伝.
A compound's overall neutrality is a hallmark of a stable ionic structure.

Understanding ionic neutrality is essential in deriving and verifying chemical formulas, particularly for ensuring no mistake was made in charge balancing.

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are ions made up of two or more atoms covalently bonded, carrying a charge. They behave as a unit in chemical reactions. For instance, sulfate (SO鈧劼测伝) is a common polyatomic ion.

These ions often appear in complex compounds, such as mercury I sulfite (Hg鈧係O鈧�), where SO鈧兟测伝 functions as the polyatomic ion.
The name of the polyatomic ion usually hints at its structure and composition.

Recognizing and correctly using polyatomic ions is crucial when writing and balancing formulas for ionic compounds. They often require parentheses in formulas when multiple units are necessary to balance charge.

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Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds: a. ammonium bicarbonate b. cobalt III nitrite c. lead IV oxide d. potassium hydroxide e. silver phosphide f. mercury I sulfite

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding Ionic Compounds

Identifying Types of Ions

Writing Formulas by Balancing Charges

Verify the Neutrality and Simplify

Key Concepts

Chemical Formulas

Cation and Anion Identification

Charge Balancing

Ionic Neutrality

Polyatomic Ions

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