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Chapter 17: Problem 1

Write the formula and give the name of the conjugate base of each of the following acids. (a) HCN (b) \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) (c) HF

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) CN鈦� (cyanide ion), (b) \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) (sulfate ion), (c) F鈦� (fluoride ion)

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Conjugate Acids and Bases

The conjugate base of an acid is formed when the acid donates a proton (H鈦�). Therefore, to find the conjugate base, we simply remove one H鈦� from the acid and decrease its charge by one.
02

Finding the Conjugate Base of HCN

To find the conjugate base of HCN, remove one H鈦� ion from HCN. Removing one hydrogen atom from HCN leaves behind the cyanide ion, CN鈦�. Thus, the conjugate base of HCN is CN鈦�.
03

Finding the Conjugate Base of \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\)

For \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\), remove one H鈦� ion. Removing one proton from \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) results in the formation of the sulfate ion, \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\). Thus, the conjugate base of \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\) is \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\).
04

Finding the Conjugate Base of HF

To find the conjugate base of HF, remove one H鈦� ion. This results in the fluoride ion, F鈦�. Therefore, the conjugate base of HF is F鈦�.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Proton Removal
In chemistry, understanding proton removal is key to identifying conjugate bases. When an acid loses a hydrogen ion (H鈦�), it forms its conjugate base. This process involves the removal of a proton, which is a defining step in acid-base reactions. The removal of a proton:
  • Decreases the charge of the molecule by one.
  • Transforms the acid into its conjugate base.
For example, in the reaction where hydrofluoric acid (HF) loses a proton, it becomes the fluoride ion (F鈦�). This simple proton transfer is a fundamental concept in understanding how acids and bases interact.
Cyanide Ion
The cyanide ion (CN鈦�) is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). When HCN loses a proton, it transforms into CN鈦�. The cyanide ion:
  • Has a negative charge, indicating the loss of one proton from its parent acid.
  • Is a simple ion composed of one carbon and one nitrogen atom.
Cyanide is known for being a strong nucleophile and for its biological reactivity. In this context, it is an example of how removing a proton from an acid results in a conjugate base that can participate in further reactions.
Sulfate Ion
When considering the sulfate ion (\(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\)), it serves as the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfate (\(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\)). By removing one proton from \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\), the charge is reduced and the sulfate ion forms. The sulfate ion:
  • Has a double negative charge, reflecting the loss of a proton from its hydrogen sulfate form.
  • Is comprised of one sulfur atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.
The ion is significant in many chemical and biological systems, illustrating the result of proton removal in acid-base chemistry.
Fluoride Ion
The fluoride ion (F鈦�) is what we get when hydrofluoric acid (HF) loses a proton. This conversion is straightforward:
  • It involves only one hydrogen being removed to form the fluoride ion.
  • The resulting ion carries a negative charge.
Fluoride ions are well-known for their roles in dental health and various industrial applications. This process exemplifies an essential principle of acid-base reactions, where the removal of a proton transforms an acid into its conjugate base.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A \(2.50-\mathrm{g}\) sample of a solid that could be \(\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) or \(\mathrm{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) was dissolved in enough water to make \(1.00 \mathrm{L}\) of solution. If the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of the solution is \(12.61,\) what is the identity of the solid?

Which should be the stronger acid, HOCN or HCN? Explain briefly. (In HOCN, the \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) ion is attached to the \(\mathrm{O}\) atom of the \(\mathrm{OCN}^{-}\) ion.)

Dissolving \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) in water gives a basic solution. Write a balanced equation showing how this salt can produce a basic solution.

Sulfanilic acid, which is used in making dyes, is made by reacting aniline with sulfuric acid. (a) Is aniline a Br枚nsted base, a Lewis base, or both? Explain, using its possible reactions with HCl, BF \(_{3}\) or other acid. (b) Sulfanilic acid has a \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}\) value of \(3.23 .\) The sodium salt of the acid, \(\mathrm{Na}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\right),\) is quite soluble in water. If you dissolve \(1.25 \mathrm{g}\) of the salt in water to give \(125 \mathrm{mL}\) of solution, what is the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of the solution?

Iodine, \(\mathrm{I}_{2},\) is much more soluble in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide, KI, than it is in pure water. The anion found in solution is \(\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}\). (a) Draw an electron dot structure for \(\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}\). (b) Write an equation for this reaction, indicating the Lewis acid and the Lewis base.
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