Problem 21 Give a systematic name for each ... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 1: Problem 21

Give a systematic name for each of the following compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{FeBr}_{3}\) \((\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{CoSO}_{4}\) (d) \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2} ;(\mathrm{e}) \mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} ;(\mathrm{f}) \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{2} ;(\mathrm{g}) \mathrm{LiI} ;(\mathrm{h}) \mathrm{KCN}\) (i) \(\mathrm{KSCN} ;(\mathrm{j}) \mathrm{Ca}_{3} \mathrm{P}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) sodium carbonate, (b) iron(III) bromide, (c) cobalt(II) sulfate, (d) barium chloride, (e) iron(III) oxide, (f) iron(II) hydroxide, (g) lithium iodide, (h) potassium cyanide, (i) potassium thiocyanate, (j) calcium phosphide.

Step by step solution

Identify Components of Na鈧侰O鈧�

The chemical formula is made of sodium (Na) ions and the carbonate (CO鈧�) ion. Sodium is a metal while carbonate is a polyatomic ion. The compound is ionic since it is composed of ions.

Name Na鈧侰O鈧� Systematically

Sodium compounds use the name 'sodium', and detailed ions, like carbonate (CO鈧兟测伝), retain their names in nomenclature. Thus, the complete name is 'sodium carbonate'.

Identify Components of FeBr鈧�

The chemical formula is composed of iron (Fe) and bromine (Br). The bromine is actually present in the form of the bromide ion (Br鈦�), leading to ext{Fe}^{3+} ions.

Name FeBr鈧� Systematically

Iron in this compound is in the +3 oxidation state. Therefore, the systematic name is 'iron(III) bromide', where Roman numerals indicate iron's oxidation state.

Identify Components of CoSO鈧�

Cobalt (Co) and sulfate (SO鈧�) comprise this compound. The sulfate ion is a polyatomic ion with a charge of -2, thus determining cobalt's charge as +2 here.

Name CoSO鈧� Systematically

Cobalt in its +2 oxidation state yields the name 'cobalt(II) sulfate', using Roman numerals to indicate oxidation state.

Identify Components of BaCl鈧�

This compound is made of barium (Ba) and chlorine (Cl), as indicated by Ba虏鈦� ions and Cl鈦� ions.

Name BaCl鈧� Systematically

Barium forms a consistent +2 charge; thus the name simply is 'barium chloride', with no Roman numeral needed.

Identify Components of Fe鈧侽鈧�

Iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) combine here. Iron in a +3 oxidation state balances the -2 charge of each oxygen ion.

Name Fe鈧侽鈧� Systematically

This is named 'iron(III) oxide', where the Roman numeral indicates Fe's oxidation state.

Identify Components of Fe(OH)鈧�

This compound combines iron (Fe) ions and hydroxide (OH鈦�) ions. Iron here is +2 to balance the two hydroxide ions.

Name Fe(OH)鈧� Systematically

The compound's systematic name is 'iron(II) hydroxide', due to iron's +2 oxidation state being indicated by the Roman numeral.

Identify Components of LiI

Lithium (Li) and iodine (I) are constituents, forming an ionic bond, as Li鈦� in conjunction with I鈦�.

Name LiI Systematically

This is known as 'lithium iodide', the standard rule for naming a salt formed from an alkaline metal and halogen.

Identify Components of KCN

KCN is composed of potassium (K) and the cyanide ion (CN鈦�).

Name KCN Systematically

The compound's name is 'potassium cyanide', following the pattern naming group 1 metal salts with complex ions.

Identify Components of KSCN

Potassium (K) bonds with the thiocyanate ion (SCN鈦�) to form this compound.

Name KSCN Systematically

It is named 'potassium thiocyanate' per the naming convention for salts of group 1 metals and complex anions.

Identify Components of Ca鈧働鈧�

The formula consists of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). In this compound, calcium ions hold a 2+ charge each and phosphorus ions a 3鈭� charge

Name Ca鈧働鈧� Systematically

The appropriate name is 'calcium phosphide', referencing the basic rules for naming simple ionic compounds.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed when metals transfer electrons to non-metals, creating positive and negative ions that attract each other strongly. In sodium carbonate (Sodium carbonates), for instance, the metal sodium (Na) transfers electrons to the polyatomic carbonate ion (CO鈧兟测伝). This transfer results in distinct positive and negative ions, which come together to form a stable ionic compound.

These compounds are generally solid at room temperature.
They have high melting and boiling points due to the strong forces between ions.
They conduct electricity when dissolved in water, as the ions are free to move.

Understanding how ions combine to form ionic lattices is key when learning to name them systematically. Each ionic compound has a simple name, regardless of its complexity, often reflecting the ions it contains.

Systematic Naming

The systematic naming of ionic compounds follows a straightforward set of rules. It ensures that anyone reading the name can identify the components and their oxidation states. For instance, iron(III) bromide clearly indicates an iron ion with a +3 charge and bromide ions (Br鈦�). Systematic naming provides precise information about the compound:

The cation's name (usually a metal) comes first, followed by the anion.
For transition metals, the oxidation state is indicated in parentheses using Roman numerals.
Monatomic anion names are derived from the element with an '-ide' suffix.

Names like potassium cyanide (KCN) show how systematic naming identifies both the elements present and the complex ions involved. This consistency aids in predicting the compound's characteristics and behavior.

Oxidation States

Oxidation states provide insight into the electron transfer involved in bonding. They tell us how many electrons an atom has gained or lost when forming a compound. In ionic compounds, the sum of the oxidation states equals zero, ensuring a neutral compound. For example, in Fe鈧侽鈧� (iron(III) oxide), iron has a +3 oxidation state balancing the oxygen's -2 to create a stable compound.

Oxygen usually has an oxidation state of -2 in compounds.
Group 1 and 2 metals have predictable oxidation states (+1 and +2, respectively).
Transition metals can have multiple oxidation states, making Roman numerals necessary in names.

Understanding these states allows us to comprehend the roles of different atoms within a compound and predict the compound's reactivity. This concept is crucial for crafting accurate systematic names in chemistry.

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