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Chapter 5: Problem 71

Where does fusion occur naturally? (5.6)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Fusion occurs naturally in the cores of stars, including the Sun.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Concept

Fusion is a nuclear reaction where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process.
02

Find Natural Examples

Fusion occurs naturally in the cores of stars, including the Sun. This process is responsible for the energy emitted by stars.
03

Nuclear Fusion in Stars

Inside stars, the high temperature and pressure allow hydrogen nuclei to overcome their repulsion and fuse into helium, releasing tremendous amounts of energy.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Fusion in Stars
Fusion occurs naturally in the cores of stars. This process is called nuclear fusion.
Stars, including our Sun, are giant nuclear fusion reactors. They rely on fusion to produce immense amounts of energy.
  • High temperatures and pressures at the core of stars provide the perfect environment for nuclear fusion.
  • The primary fusion reaction in stars involves hydrogen nuclei (protons) fusing to form helium.
These fusion reactions release a lot of energy in the form of light and heat. This is why stars shine so brightly.
Without fusion, stars wouldn鈥檛 be able to emit the light and energy that we observe. In summary, fusion in stars is the cornerstone of their energy production.
Solar Nuclear Reactions
The term 'solar nuclear reactions' specifically refers to the fusion reactions happening in the Sun. These reactions power the Sun and enable it to provide light and heat to our solar system.
Here鈥檚 what happens in the Sun:
  • Hydrogen atoms collide due to the high temperature and pressure at the Sun's core.
  • These collisions make hydrogen nuclei combine through a process known as the proton-proton chain reaction.
  • The result of these fusion reactions is the formation of helium along with the release of energy.
The energy released from these reactions travels from the core to the surface of the Sun and then radiates into space.
This is the energy that reaches Earth and supports life.
Energy Release in Stars
Energy release in stars is a byproduct of nuclear fusion.
When hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium, a small portion of their mass is converted into energy.
This process can be described by Einstein鈥檚 famous equation:
\(E=mc^2\).
  • \(E\) represents energy.
  • \(m\) stands for mass.
  • \(c\) is the speed of light.
This equation demonstrates how even a small amount of mass can produce a large amount of energy.
Inside a star, this energy is initially in the form of kinetic energy of particles, which then gets converted into heat and light.
This is why stars are so energetic and luminous, providing the necessary energy for various processes, including life on planets like Earth.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Naturally occurring iodine is iodine-127. Medically, radioactive isotopes of iodine- 125 and iodine- 131 are used. a. Write the atomic symbol for each isotope. b. In what ways are the isotopes similar, and in what ways do they differ?

a. Technetium-99m emits only gamma radiation. Why would this type of radiation be used in diagnostic imaging rather than an isotope that also emits beta or alpha radiation? b. A person with polycythemia vera (excess production of red blood cells) receives radioactive phosphorus- 32 . Why would this treatment reduce the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow of the patient?

Xenon- 133 is used to test lung function; it decays by emitting a beta particle. a. Write an equation for the beta decay of \(\mathrm{Xe}-133\). b. If the half-life of \(\mathrm{Xe}-133\) is \(5.2 \mathrm{~h},\) how much of a \(20 .-\mathrm{mCi}\) sample is still active after \(15.6 \mathrm{~h} ?\)

Nuclear fission of U-235 can be induced by the bombardment of neutron to give \(\mathrm{Ba}-141, \mathrm{Kr}-92,\) and three neutrons. Write the balanced nuclear equation for the reaction and explain why a chain reaction will occur after the nuclear fission of one \(\mathrm{U}-235 .(5.2)\)

Calcium-47, used to evaluate bone metabolism, has a half-life of 4.5 days. (5.2,5.4) a. Write the balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of calcium-47. b. How many milligrams of a 16-mg sample of calcium-47 remain after 18 days? c. How many days have passed if \(4.8 \mathrm{mg}\) of calcium- 47 decayed to \(1.2 \mathrm{mg}\) of calcium- \(47 ?\)
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