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Chapter 3: Problem 71

Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture: (3.1) a. iron filings in concrete b. sodium carbonate in soap c. air in the atmosphere

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Mixture b. Compound c. Mixture

Step by step solution

01

Identify Iron Filings in Concrete

Iron filings are individual pieces of iron, which is an element. Concrete, meanwhile, is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregate, where iron filings are just another component. Therefore, this is classified as a mixture.
02

Classify Sodium Carbonate in Soap

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is a compound made up of sodium (Na), carbon (C), and oxygen (O). Since it maintains its chemical identity in soap, it is a compound.
03

Determine the Nature of Air in the Atmosphere

Air in the atmosphere is composed of different gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and others, which are not chemically bonded to each other. Therefore, air is a mixture.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Element
An element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom. Elements are represented on the periodic table and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Examples include:
  • Iron (Fe)
  • Gold (Au)
  • Oxygen (O)
Each element has unique properties like melting point, boiling point, and density. In the context of the original exercise, iron filings are an example of an element. Iron (Fe) is an individual element, consisting solely of iron atoms.
Compound
A compound is a substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together.
These bonds can be covalent or ionic.
Examples include:
  • Water (H2O)
  • Sodium chloride (NaCl)
  • Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

Compounds have fixed ratios of elements and specific chemical formulas.
These substances display different properties than their individual elements. For instance, water is a liquid at room temperature, while oxygen and hydrogen are gases. From the original exercise, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in soap is a compound.
It consists of sodium (Na), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) atoms in a fixed ratio.
Mixture
A mixture contains two or more components physically combined, but not chemically bonded.
Mixtures can be either homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition). Examples include:
  • Air (a homogeneous mixture of gases)
  • Sand and salt (a heterogeneous mixture of solids)
  • Concrete (a heterogeneous mixture of cement, water, aggregate, and possibly iron filings)

The components in mixtures retain their individual properties and can often be separated by physical means.
In the original exercise, both air and concrete are classified as mixtures. Air is a homogeneous mixture composed of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Concrete with iron filings is a heterogeneous mixture, where iron, cement, water, and aggregate are not chemically bonded.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

a. During one week, Charles swam for a total of \(2.5 \mathrm{~h}\) and walked for a total of \(8.0 \mathrm{~h}\). If Charles expends 340 kcal/h swimming and 160 kcal/h walking, how many total kilocalories did he expend for one week? b. For the amount of exercise that Charles did for one week in part a, if expending 3500 kcal is equal to a loss of \(1.0 \mathrm{lb},\) how many pounds did he lose? c. How many hours would Charles have to walk to lose \(1.0 \mathrm{lb} ?\) d. How many hours would Charles have to swim to lose \(1.0 \mathrm{lb} ?\)

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