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Chapter 3: Problem 10

Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property: a. Neon is a colorless gas at room temperature. b. Apple slices turn brown when they are exposed to air. c. Phosphorus will ignite when exposed to air. d. At room temperature, mercury is a liquid. e. Propane gas is compressed to a liquid for placement in a small cylinder.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a: Physical, b: Chemical, c: Chemical, d: Physical, e: Physical

Step by step solution

01

- Understanding Physical and Chemical Properties

A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the chemical composition of the substance. Examples include state of matter, color, and melting point. A chemical property describes a substance's ability to undergo a specific chemical change, often resulting in a new substance. Examples include flammability and reactivity with oxygen.
02

- Analyzing Statement a

Neon being a colorless gas at room temperature is an observable characteristic that does not change the chemical nature of neon. Thus, it represents a physical property.
03

- Analyzing Statement b

Apple slices turning brown when exposed to air is an example of a new substance (brown color) forming due to exposure to air. This indicates a chemical property.
04

- Analyzing Statement c

Phosphorus igniting when exposed to air results in a chemical change, producing a new substance (typically phosphorus pentoxide). Therefore, this is a chemical property.
05

- Analyzing Statement d

Mercury being a liquid at room temperature is an observable characteristic that does not involve a chemical change. This represents a physical property.
06

- Analyzing Statement e

Propane gas being compressed to a liquid involves a change in physical state without altering the chemical composition. This is an example of a physical property.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing its chemical composition. This means the substance remains the same even after measuring these properties. Examples of physical properties include:

* Color
* Density
* Melting and boiling points
* State of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
* Odor

When we talk about physical properties, we are essentially looking at features like these:
  • Neon is a colorless gas at room temperature.
  • Mercury being a liquid at room temperature.
  • Propane gas being compressed to a liquid.
In these examples, the substance does not undergo a change in its chemical structure, making these characteristics purely physical properties.
Chemical Properties
Chemical properties describe a substance's potential to undergo a chemical change. A chemical change means a new substance is formed with different properties. When examining chemical properties, we look at a substance's ability to interact with other substances and transform. Important chemical properties include:
  • Flammability
  • Reactivity with water, acids, and bases
  • Oxidation states
  • pH levels
Examples given in the original exercise that showcase chemical properties include:
  • Apple slices turning brown when exposed to air.
  • Phosphorus igniting when exposed to air.
These changes indicate a chemical reaction has taken place, leading to entirely new substances being formed.
State of Matter
The state of matter refers to the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Traditional states of matter include solids, liquids, and gases. Here鈥檚 a quick overview:
  • Solid: Has a definite shape and volume. Particles are tightly packed.
  • Liquid: Has a definite volume but no definite shape. It takes the shape of its container. Particles are less tightly packed than in a solid but more so than in a gas.
  • Gas: Has no definite shape or volume. Particles are very far apart and move freely.
In the exercise, neon being a colorless gas and mercury being a liquid both at room temperature are examples of how the 'state of matter' is used to describe physical properties.
Observable Characteristics
Observable characteristics are the traits that can be seen or measured without changing the substance itself. These characteristics make it easier to identify and classify substances. Here are a few observable characteristics:
  • Color
  • Shape
  • Size
  • Texture
  • Phase/state of matter
  • Odor
A couple of instances from our original problem include:
  • Neon being a colorless gas at room temperature.
  • Mercury being a liquid at room temperature.
These are observable characteristics that we can use to identify the physical state of these elements.
Chemical Change
A chemical change occurs when a substance transforms into one or more new substances with different properties. These changes are usually irreversible, meaning you cannot get the original substance back. Indicators of chemical change can include:
  • Change in color
  • Formation of a gas
  • Formation of a precipitate (solid)
  • Change in temperature
  • Emission of light
The initial problem mentioned two clear examples of chemical changes:
  • When apple slices turn brown upon exposure to air.
  • When phosphorus ignites and transforms into a different substance upon exposure to air.
These examples show that new substances (like the brown pigment on apples and phosphorus oxides) are formed, indicating a chemical change.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe each property of the element zirconium as physical or chemical. a. melts at \(1852{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) b. is resistant to corrosion c. has a grayish white color d. ignites spontaneously in air when finely divided e. is a shiny metal

An ice bag containing \(225 \mathrm{~g}\) of ice at \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) was used to treat sore muscles. When the bag was removed, the ice had melted and the liquid water had a temperature of \(32.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) How many kilojoules of heat were absorbed? (3.6,3.7)

What type of change, physical or chemical, takes place in each of the following? a. Water vapor condenses to form rain. b. Cesium metal reacts explosively with water. c. Gold melts at \(1064^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). d. A puzzle is cut into 1000 pieces. e. Cheese is grated.

Calculate the unknown temperature in each of the following: a. \(37.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}=\)__________ \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) b. \(65.3^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\underline{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) c. \(-27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}=\)______________ \(\mathrm{K}\) d. \(62^{\circ} \mathrm{C}=\) ____________ \(\mathrm{K}\) e. \(114^{\circ} \mathrm{F}=\) ____________ \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

Identify each of the following as solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature: (3.2) a. mercury metal b. hydrogen c. cappuccino d. dry ice e. charcoal briquettes on a barbecue
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