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Chapter 2: Problem 53

Write an equality and two conversion factors for each of the following medications: a. \(10 \mathrm{mg}\) of Atarax per \(5 \mathrm{~mL}\) of Atarax syrup b. \(0.25 \mathrm{~g}\) of Lanoxin per 1 tablet of Lanoxin c. \(300 \mathrm{mg}\) of Motrin per 1 tablet of Motrin

Short Answer

Expert verified
Equalities: 10 mg Atarax = 5 mL syrup; 0.25 g Lanoxin = 1 tablet; 300 mg Motrin = 1 tablet. Conversion factors for each equality are reciprocal fractions.

Step by step solution

01

- Establish the given equality for Atarax

We are given that 10 mg of Atarax is present in 5 mL of Atarax syrup. Therefore, the equality is: \(10 \text{ mg Atarax} = 5 \text{ mL Atarax syrup}\)
02

- Write conversion factors for Atarax

Using the equality, two conversion factors can be derived: \[\frac{10 \text{ mg Atarax}}{5 \text{ mL Atarax syrup}}\]and\[\frac{5 \text{ mL Atarax syrup}}{10 \text{ mg Atarax}}\]
03

- Establish the given equality for Lanoxin

We are given that 0.25 g of Lanoxin is present in 1 tablet of Lanoxin. Therefore, the equality is: \(0.25 \text{ g Lanoxin} = 1 \text{ tablet Lanoxin}\)
04

- Write conversion factors for Lanoxin

Using the equality, two conversion factors can be derived: \[\frac{0.25 \text{ g Lanoxin}}{1 \text{ tablet Lanoxin}}\]and\[\frac{1 \text{ tablet Lanoxin}}{0.25 \text{ g Lanoxin}}\]
05

- Establish the given equality for Motrin

We are given that 300 mg of Motrin is present in 1 tablet of Motrin. Therefore, the equality is: \(300 \text{ mg Motrin} = 1 \text{ tablet Motrin}\)
06

- Write conversion factors for Motrin

Using the equality, two conversion factors can be derived: \[\frac{300 \text{ mg Motrin}}{1 \text{ tablet Motrin}}\]and\[\frac{1 \text{ tablet Motrin}}{300 \text{ mg Motrin}}\]

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Conversion Factors
Conversion factors are essential in medication dosage calculations. They help us convert between different units of measurement easily. For example, if we know that an equality states 10 mg of Atarax is equal to 5 mL of the syrup, we can establish two conversion factors:
鈥� From mg to mL: \(\frac{10 \text{ mg Atarax}}{5 \text{ mL Atarax syrup}}\)
鈥� From mL to mg: \(\frac{5 \text{ mL Atarax syrup}}{10 \text{ mg Atarax}}\)
We can apply these conversion factors to ensure we administer the correct dosage. This is crucial in healthcare, as incorrect dosages can lead to treatment failures or adverse effects.
Equalities
Equalities are fundamental in establishing the basis for conversion factors. An equality connects two different units of a medication, such as weight and volume. For example:
鈥� Atarax: \([10 \text{ mg Atarax} = 5 \text{ mL Atarax syrup}]\)
鈥� Lanoxin: \([0.25 \text{ g Lanoxin} = 1 \text{ tablet Lanoxin}]\)
鈥� Motrin: \([300 \text{ mg Motrin} = 1 \text{ tablet Motrin}]\)
Understanding and setting up these equalities allows for the creation of accurate conversion factors. These relationships are the foundation for translating prescription information into practical doses.
Dosage Calculations
Dosage calculations are vital for ensuring patients receive the correct amount of medication. This often requires converting between units. For instance:
鈥� If a patient needs 20 mg of Atarax and we have the syrup form (\text{10 mg per 5 mL}), we use the conversion factor \(\frac{10 \text{ mg Atarax}}{5 \text{ mL Atarax syrup}}\)
鈥� So, 20 mg would be \(\frac{20 \text{ mg}}{10 \text{ mg}} \times 5 \text{ mL} = 10 \text{ mL}\)
Clear and precise calculations ensure the effectiveness of the medication and patient safety. Miscalculations can result in underdosing or overdosing, both of which can have serious health implications.
Pharmaceutical Measurements
Pharmaceutical measurements often involve converting between units such as milligrams (mg), grams (g), milliliters (mL), and tablets. Understanding these units and how to convert between them is critical.
For example:
鈥� To convert 0.25 g Lanoxin into mg, recall that 1 g = 1000 mg. Thus, 0.25 g = 250 mg.
鈥� This allows comparisons and conversions, such as calculating the number of tablets needed if a specific mg dosage is required. Being familiar with these conversions and measurements ensures that the dosage given matches what was prescribed.
Mastering these measurements is key for anyone in the medical field, from pharmacists to nurses.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the volume of the samples in a. and \(\mathrm{b},\) and the mass of those in c. and d.: a. What is the volume of \(1.22 \mathrm{~g}\) of a solid with a density of \(0.92 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} ?\) b. What is the volume of \(0.20 \mathrm{~kg}\) of a solid with a density of \(3.0 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} ?\) c. What is the mass, in kilograms, of \(30 \mathrm{~mL}\) of a liquid with a density of \(4.3 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} ?\) d. What is the mass, in grams, of \(0.03 \mathrm{~L}\) of a liquid with a density of \(0.83 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} ?\)

On a typical day, medical personnel may encounter several situations involving measurement. State the name and type of measurement indicated by the units in each of the following: a. During open-heart surgery, the temperature of a patient is lowered to \(29^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) b. The circulation time of a red blood cell through the body is \(20 \mathrm{~s}\) c. A patient with a persistent cough is given \(10 . \mathrm{mL}\) of cough syrup. d. The amount of iron in the red blood cells of the body is \(2.5 \mathrm{~g}\).

Solve each of the following problems: a. A urine sample has a density of \(1.030 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\). What is the specific gravity of the sample? b. A 20.0 -mL sample of a glucose IV solution has a mass of \(20.6 \mathrm{~g}\). What is the density of the glucose solution? c. The specific gravity of a vegetable oil is \(0.92 .\) What is the mass, in grams, of \(750 \mathrm{~mL}\) of vegetable oil? d. A bottle containing \(325 \mathrm{~g}\) of cleaning solution is used to clean hospital equipment. If the cleaning solution has a specific gravity of 0.850 , what volume, in milliliters, of solution was used?

Indicate if the zeros are significant in each of the following measurements: a. \(20.05^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) b. \(5.00 \mathrm{~m}\) c. \(0.00002 \mathrm{~g}\) d. \(120000 \mathrm{yr}\) e. \(8.05 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{~L}\)

Write the equality and two conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following: a. The label on a bottle reads \(10 \mathrm{mg}\) of furosemide per \(1 \mathrm{~mL}\) b. The Daily Value (DV) for selenium is 70. mcg. c. An IV of normal saline solution has a flow rate of \(85 \mathrm{~mL}\) per hour. d. One capsule of fish oil contains \(360 \mathrm{mg}\) of omega- 3 fatty acids.
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