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Chapter 17: Problem 2

Identify each of the following bases as a purine or a pyrimidine: a. Uracil (U) b. Guanine (G)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Uracil (U) is a pyrimidine. Guanine (G) is a purine.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the General Structure of Purines and Pyrimidines

Purines have a two-ring structure, while pyrimidines have a single-ring structure. Recognizing these structural features will help identify each base.
02

Identify the Base Uracil (U)

Uracil (U) has a single-ring structure. Therefore, Uracil is a pyrimidine.
03

Identify the Base Guanine (G)

Guanine (G) has a two-ring structure. Therefore, Guanine is a purine.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Purines
Purines are a type of nucleobase found in nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. They are characterized by a two-ring structure consisting of a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. Purines include:
  • Adenine (A)
  • Guanine (G)
These bases play essential roles in encoding genetic information and in various cellular processes. Their double-ring structure makes them bulkier compared to pyrimidines.
Understanding purines is crucial for grasping the overall nucleotide structure, and they pair specifically with certain pyrimidines through hydrogen bonding.
Pyrimidines
Pyrimidines are another type of nucleobase in nucleotides. Unlike purines, they have a single-ring structure, which makes them smaller. The main pyrimidines found in DNA and RNA are:
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Thymine (T) - found only in DNA
  • Uracil (U) - found only in RNA
These bases are crucial for forming the genetic code and also participate in cellular signaling and metabolic functions. Pyrimidines pair with specific purines to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, ensuring the stability and integrity of the genetic material.
Nucleotide Structure
Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of three components:
  • A nitrogenous base (either a purine or a pyrimidine)
  • A five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA)
  • A phosphate group
The combination of these components forms the backbone of DNA and RNA strands. The nitrogenous base attaches to the sugar molecule, and the phosphate group connects the sugar of one nucleotide to the sugar of the next, forming a long chain. Understanding nucleotide structure helps in comprehending how genetic information is stored, replicated, and transmitted in living organisms.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Match the following statements with rRNA, mRNA, or tRNA: (17.4) a. is the smallest type of RNA b. makes up the highest percentage of RNA in the cell c. carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes

In DNA, how many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine? (17.3)

How is protein synthesis affected if the normal base sequence \(\mathrm {CCC}\) in the DNA template strand is changed to \(\mathrm{ACC} ?\)

How many daughter strands are formed during the replication of DNA?

Consider the following segment of mRNA produced by the nomal order of DNA nucleotides: CUU AAA CGA CAU a. What is the amino acid order produced from this mRNA? b. What is the amino acid order if a point mutation changes CUU to CCU? c. What is the amino acid order if a point mutation changes CGA to AGA? d. What happens to protein synthesis if a point mutation changes AAA to UAA? e. What is the amino acid order if an insertion mutation adds a G to the beginning of the mRNA segment? f. What is the amino acid order if a deletion mutation removes the \(\mathrm {C}\) at the beginning of the mRNA segment?
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