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Chapter 15: Problem 48

Write the equation for the acid hydrolysis of glyceryl tripalmitate (tripalmitin).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The equation for the acid hydrolysis of glyceryl tripalmitate is: \[ \text{C}_{51}\text{H}_{98}\text{O}_6 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_3\text{H}_8\text{O}_3 + 3\text{C}_{16}\text{H}_{32}\text{O}_2 \]

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Glyceryl Tripalmitate

Glyceryl tripalmitate, or tripalmitin, is a triglyceride. Its structure consists of one glycerol molecule esterified with three palmitic acid molecules.
02

Acid Hydrolysis Reaction

In acid hydrolysis, a triglyceride reacts with water in an acidic environment to yield glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.
03

Identify the Hydrolysis Products

For glyceryl tripalmitate, the products of hydrolysis are one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of palmitic acid.
04

Write the Reaction Equation

Combine the reactant (glyceryl tripalmitate) and the products (glycerol and palmitic acid) to formulate the full equation: \[ \text{C}_{51}\text{H}_{98}\text{O}_6 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_3\text{H}_8\text{O}_3 + 3\text{C}_{16}\text{H}_{32}\text{O}_2 \]

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Glyceryl Tripalmitate
Glyceryl tripalmitate, also known as tripalmitin, is a common type of triglyceride. It's composed of a glycerol backbone attached to three palmitic acid molecules through ester bonds. This molecule can be found in various natural fats and oils.

The structure of glyceryl tripalmitate can be broken down as follows:
  • Glycerol: A three-carbon molecule with three hydroxyl (OH) groups
  • Palmitic Acid: A 16-carbon saturated fatty acid
Each palmitic acid binds to a hydroxyl group of the glycerol via an ester bond. This formation is crucial in the storage of energy in living organisms.
Triglyceride Hydrolysis
Triglyceride hydrolysis is a chemical process in which triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids. This process can occur under acidic or basic conditions. For the purpose of this exercise, we focus on acid hydrolysis.

During acid hydrolysis, a triglyceride reacts with water (H鈧侽) in the presence of an acid, which acts as a catalyst. The ester bonds between the glycerol and fatty acids are broken, resulting in the release of glycerol and three fatty acids.
  • Acid Hydrolysis Reaction: C_{51}H_{98}O_6 + 3H鈧侽 鈫� C鈧僅鈧圤鈧� + 3C_{16}H_{32}O鈧�
  • Reactants: Glyceryl tripalmitate and water
  • Products: Glycerol and palmitic acid
This reaction is critical for understanding how fats are metabolized and utilized by organisms.
Esterification
Esterification is a chemical reaction that forms an ester as the main product. It typically involves the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, with water released as a byproduct. In the context of glyceryl tripalmitate, esterification involves creating the ester bonds between glycerol and palmitic acid.

The reverse of esterification is known as hydrolysis, where an ester is broken down to yield the original alcohol and acid. Therefore, understanding esterification helps in comprehending the hydrolysis process too.
Points to remember about esterification:
  • Esterification Reaction: Glycerol + Palmitic Acid 鈬� Glyceryl Tripalmitate + Water
  • Essential for forming fats and oils in biological systems
  • Forms the basis of storage molecules in living organisms
Overall, esterification and hydrolysis are interconnected reactions pivotal in the metabolism of lipids.

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