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Chapter 13: Problem 8

What are the functional groups and number of carbons in a ketohexose?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A ketohexose has a ketone group and six carbon atoms.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Functional Groups

A ketohexose is a type of sugar. The term 'ketohexose' indicates the presence of both a ketone group and a hexose structure. The ketone group is a carbonyl group (C=O) found within the carbon chain.
02

Determine the Number of Carbons

The 'hex' part of 'ketohexose' suggests that there are six carbon atoms in the molecule. Hexoses are sugars containing six carbon atoms.
03

Combine Information

By combining the above pieces of information, we determine that a ketohexose has a ketone group and a total of six carbon atoms.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Functional Groups
A functional group refers to specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
In organic chemistry, functional groups are the key players that define the reactivity and properties of a molecule.
  • The most common functional groups include hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and amino groups.
  • In a ketohexose, which is a specific type of sugar, the functional groups include the ketone functional group.
Understanding functional groups is crucial, as they influence the structure, reactivity, and overall behavior of molecules in biological systems and chemical processes.
Ketone Group
The ketone group is one of the simple types of carbonyl groups in organic chemistry.
The carbonyl group (C=O) is centrally located within a carbon chain in ketones, distinguishing them from aldehydes, where the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain.
  • In a ketohexose, the ketone group is positioned between carbon atoms, making it part of the sugar's backbone.
  • This group contributes to the molecule's reactivity and plays a crucial role in many biochemical reactions, such as carbohydrate metabolism.
Ketones are generally stable and are often involved in energy-producing metabolic pathways in living organisms.
Carbon Atoms in Hexose
Hexose sugars are a type of monosaccharide, which contain six carbon atoms.
  • The term 'hexose' comes from the Greek word 'hex' meaning six.
  • Common examples of hexose sugars include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
In a ketohexose, such as fructose, these six carbon atoms are organized in a specific configuration that includes a ketone functional group.
The arrangement of these carbon atoms influences the sugar's properties and role in biological processes, like energy storage and production.
Carbonyl Group
The carbonyl group is one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry.
It consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O).
  • This group is highly reactive and forms the basis for many different types of compounds, including ketones and aldehydes.
  • In ketohexoses, the carbonyl group forms part of the ketone group.
Understanding the carbonyl group is fundamental for grasping the behavior and reactions of many organic molecules, as it affects both physical properties and chemical reactivity.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Why are lactose and maltose reducing sugars, but sucrose is not? (13.6)

The next day, Kate had 1 cup of cereal ( \(15 \mathrm{~g}\) carbohydrate) with skim milk ( \(7 \mathrm{~g}\) carbohydrate), 1 banana \((17 \mathrm{~g}\) carbohydrate), and \(1 / 2\) cup of orange juice (12 g carbohydrate) for breakfast. a. Has Kate remained within the limit of 45 to \(60 \mathrm{~g}\) of carbohydrate? b. Using the energy value of 4 kcal/g for carbohydrate, calculate the total kilocalories from carbohydrates in Kate's breakfast, rounded to the tens place.

Define polysaccharide. Provide one example.

What is the difference between an aldose and a ketose?

What functional groups are found in all monosaccharides?
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