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Chapter 12: Problem 3

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: a. butyl alcohol b. 3 -methyl- 1 -pentanol c. 3 -hexanol d. 2 -bromophenol

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. C鈧凥鈧塐H b. CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(CH鈧�)CH鈧侰H鈧侽H c. CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(OH)CH鈧侰H鈧侰H鈧� d. BrC鈧咹鈧凮H

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the components

For each given compound, identify key functional groups, any branches, and substituents. Recognize alcohol groups (-OH) and, for the last compound, both a bromine substituent and phenol group.
02

Drawing butyl alcohol

Butyl alcohol contains four carbon atoms in a straight chain with an alcohol group attached to the first carbon. The condensed structural formula is written as: C鈧凥鈧塐H.
03

Drawing 3-methyl-1-pentanol

3-methyl-1-pentanol has a five-carbon chain with a methyl group on the third carbon and an alcohol group on the first carbon. The condensed structural formula is: CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(CH鈧�)CH鈧侰H鈧侽H.
04

Drawing 3-hexanol

3-hexanol consists of a six-carbon chain with an alcohol group on the third carbon. The condensed structural formula is: CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(OH)CH鈧侰H鈧侰H鈧�.
05

Drawing 2-bromophenol

2-bromophenol contains a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group on the first carbon and a bromine atom on the second carbon. The condensed structural formula is: BrC鈧咹鈧凮H.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule. They are the key players that determine how a molecule behaves in chemical reactions.
Examples of functional groups include:
  • Hydroxyl group (-OH) found in alcohols
  • Carboxyl group (-COOH) found in carboxylic acids
  • Amino group (-NH鈧�) found in amines
Recognizing these groups in a molecule helps us understand its reactivity and properties.
Alcohols
Alcohols are organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. The general formula for an alcohol can be written as R-OH, where R represents an alkyl group.
Some examples include:
  • Butyl alcohol (C鈧凥鈧塐H), where the hydroxyl group is attached to a straight chain of four carbon atoms.
  • 3-methyl-1-pentanol (CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(CH鈧�)CH鈧侰H鈧侽H), a more complex alcohol with a methyl group attached to the third carbon of a five-carbon chain.
  • 3-hexanol (CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(OH)CH鈧侰H鈧侰H鈧�), featuring a six-carbon chain with the hydroxyl group on the third carbon.
The hydroxyl group in alcohols significantly impacts their chemical behavior, making them polar and able to engage in hydrogen bonding.
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds. These compounds, which are known as organic compounds, are the basis of all known life.
Some key points to understand about organic chemistry include:
  • Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds with other atoms, allowing them to form complex structures like chains and rings.
  • The study includes both natural organic compounds and synthetic substances like plastics.
  • Functional groups and carbon skeletons form the foundation of organic molecule structure and reactivity.
Understanding these principles is essential in fields like biochemistry, medicine, and pharmaceuticals.
Substituents
Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. They can significantly alter the chemical and physical properties of a molecule.
Some common substituents include:
  • Methyl group (-CH鈧�), as seen in 3-methyl-1-pentanol (CH鈧僀H鈧侰H(CH鈧�)CH鈧侰H鈧侽H).
  • Bromo group (-Br), as seen in 2-bromophenol (BrC鈧咹鈧凮H).
Substituents are named and numbered based on their position on the main carbon chain, which affects the molecule's name and properties. For example, in 3-methyl-1-pentanol, the methyl group is on the third carbon, while in 2-bromophenol, the bromine atom is on the second carbon of the benzene ring.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which compound in each pair would be more soluble in water? Explain. a. pentane or 1 -propanol b. ethanol or ethyl methyl ether c. methanol or 1 -heptanol

Which of the following will give a positive Tollens' test? (12.4) a. 1 -propanol b. 2 -propanol c. hexanal

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: a. formaldehyde b. 3 -chloro-2-hexanone c. ethyl propyl ketone d. 4 -methylpentanal

Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following: a. ethanol b. 3 -methyl- 2 -iodo- 1 -butanol c. 2 -propyn-1-ol (propargyl alcohol) d. 2 -fluorophenol

When 2 -butanol is heated with a strong acid, it dehydrates to form compounds \(\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{B}\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8}\right) .\) When 2 -butanol is oxidized, compound \(\mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\right)\) forms. Draw the skeletal formulas and give the IUPAC names for compounds \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B},\) and \(\mathrm{C} .(12.3,12.4)\)
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