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Chapter 11: Problem 22

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of each of the following compounds: a. hexane b. cyclopentane c. dimethylpropane

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hexane: 2C鈧咹鈧佲倓 + 19O鈧� 鈫� 12CO鈧� + 14H鈧侽Cyclopentane: 2C鈧匟鈧佲個 + 15O鈧� 鈫� 10CO鈧� + 10H鈧侽Dimethylpropane: C鈧匟鈧佲倐 + 8O鈧� 鈫� 5CO鈧� + 6H鈧侽

Step by step solution

01

Understand Combustion Reaction

In a complete combustion reaction, a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The general form for a hydrocarbon (C鈧揌岬�) is: C鈧揌岬� + O鈧� 鈫� CO鈧� + H鈧侽
02

Write the Molecular Formula

Identify the molecular formula for each compound:a. Hexane (C鈧咹鈧佲倓)b. Cyclopentane (C鈧匟鈧佲個)c. Dimethylpropane (C鈧匟鈧佲倐)
03

Balance Hexane Combustion Equation

Write the unbalanced equation for hexane and then balance it:C鈧咹鈧佲倓 + O鈧� 鈫� CO鈧� + H鈧侽. First balance carbon, then hydrogen, and lastly, oxygen:C鈧咹鈧佲倓 + 9.5O鈧� 鈫� 6CO鈧� + 7H鈧侽. After multiplying by 2 to remove the fraction, the balanced equation is:2C鈧咹鈧佲倓 + 19O鈧� 鈫� 12CO鈧� + 14H鈧侽
04

Balance Cyclopentane Combustion Equation

Write the unbalanced equation for cyclopentane and then balance it:C鈧匟鈧佲個 + O鈧� 鈫� CO鈧� + H鈧侽. Balance carbon first, then hydrogen, and finally oxygen:C鈧匟鈧佲個 + 7.5O鈧� 鈫� 5CO鈧� + 5H鈧侽. After multiplying by 2 to remove the fraction, the balanced equation is:2C鈧匟鈧佲個 + 15O鈧� 鈫� 10CO鈧� + 10H鈧侽
05

Balance Dimethylpropane Combustion Equation

Write the unbalanced equation for dimethylpropane and then balance it:C鈧匟鈧佲倐 + O鈧� 鈫� CO鈧� + H鈧侽. First, balance carbon, then hydrogen, and finally oxygen:C鈧匟鈧佲倐 + 8O鈧� 鈫� 5CO鈧� + 6H鈧侽

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

chemical equation balancing
In chemistry, balancing chemical equations is crucial. It ensures that the law of conservation of mass is met, meaning that matter is neither created nor destroyed. This is essential in reactions, as the number of atoms for each element must be the same on both sides of the equation.
To balance a chemical equation, you need to:
  • Identify and write down the unbalanced equation.
  • Count the number of atoms of each element in the reactants and products.
  • Adjust coefficients (the numbers in front of the compounds) to balance each element one at a time.
  • Ensure that the number of atoms for each element matches on both sides.
  • Check your work, ensuring all coefficients are in the lowest possible ratio.
Balancing can sometimes involve fractions, but it's often preferable to multiply through to get whole numbers, as seen in some of the solutions provided above.
organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry focused on compounds that contain carbon. These compounds form the basis of life on Earth and have a wide variety ranging from simple molecules to complex structures. Many organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons, participate extensively in chemical reactions, including combustion.
When understanding organic chemistry:
  • Familiarize yourself with the basic building blocks like carbon chains and rings, which form the backbone of organic molecules.
  • Learn about functional groups, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines, as they determine the compound's characteristics and reactivity.
  • Practice recognizing and naming organic compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature system.
By solidifying these fundamental concepts, you can better understand reactions like combustion, where hydrocarbons react to form carbon dioxide and water.
hydrocarbon combustion
Hydrocarbon combustion is a chemical reaction where a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen. This reaction typically produces carbon dioxide (CO鈧�) and water (H鈧侽) and releases energy in the form of heat and light.
Combustion reactions are common in daily life, such as in car engines, furnaces, and even candles.
Hydrocarbons come in different forms, like alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, each with unique properties, but they all combust similarly:
  • Write the general form of the combustion reaction: C鈧揌岬� + O鈧� 鈫� CO鈧� + H鈧侽.
  • Balance the equation for carbons first, then hydrogens, and finally oxygens.
Accuracy in these steps ensures the correct stoichiometry, which is crucial for predicting how much reactant is needed and how much product is formed.
molecular formula
A molecular formula provides the exact number and type of atoms in a molecule. For example, the molecular formulas for the compounds in the exercise are:
  • Hexane: C鈧咹鈧佲倓
  • Cyclopentane: C鈧匟鈧佲個
  • Dimethylpropane: C鈧匟鈧佲倐
Molecular formulas are different from empirical formulas, which show the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a molecule.
When working with molecular formulas in combustion reactions, it helps to:
  • Identify the elements present in the compound.
  • Determine the count of each type of atom.
  • Use this information to write and balance chemical equations.
Understanding molecular formulas is fundamental in chemistry, as it provides the basis for calculating reactants and products in reactions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw the line-angle formula for each of the following compounds: a. phenol b. 1,3 -dichlorobenzene c. 4 -ethyltoluene

The density of pentane, a component of gasoline, is \(0.63 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\). The heat of combustion for pentane is 845 kcal / mole. \((7.2,7.4\), 7.7,7.8,8.6,11.2,11.4) a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of pentane. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? b. How many moles of water can be produced by the combustion of 1 mole of pentane? c. How much heat is produced when 10 moles of pentane are burned? d. How many moles of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) are produced from the complete combustion of 10 moles of pentane?

Draw the condensed structural formula for alkanes or the skeletal formula for cycloalkanes for each of the following: a. butane b. cyclohexane c. nonane d. ethane

Identify each of the following properties as more typical of an organic or inorganic compound: a. contains no carbon b. contains oxygen atoms c. gives carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide upon combustion d. contains a large amount of metal ions

Draw the skeletal formula for each of the following: a. 3 -methylhexane b. 1 -chloro- 3 -methylbutane c. ethylcyclopropane d. 3 -chloroheptane
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