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Chapter 10: Problem 36

Calculate the pH of a solution from \(\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right] ;\) given the \(\mathrm{pH},\) calculate \(\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]\) State whether each of the following is acidic, basic, or neutral: a. soda, \(\mathrm{pH} 3.22\) b. shampoo, \(\mathrm{pH} 5.7\) c. laundry detergent, \(\mathrm{pH} 9.44\) d. rain, pH 5.8 e. honey, pH 3.9 f. cheese, \(\mathrm{pH} 4.9\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. acidic; b. acidic; c. basic; d. acidic; e. acidic; f. acidic.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding pH Calculation

The pH of a solution is calculated using the formula \(\text{pH} = -\text{log}[\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]\). To find the concentration of \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\) ions based on pH, use the formula \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-\text{pH}}\).
02

Soda

Given \(\text{pH} = 3.22\), the solution is acidic because \(\text{pH} < 7\). Calculate \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]\): \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-3.22} \approx 6.03 \times 10^{-4} \text{M} \).
03

Shampoo

Given \(\text{pH} = 5.7\), the solution is acidic because \(\text{pH} < 7\). Calculate \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]\): \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-5.7} \approx 2.00 \times 10^{-6} \text{M} \).
04

Laundry Detergent

Given \(\text{pH} = 9.44\), the solution is basic because \(\text{pH} > 7\). Calculate \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]\): \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-9.44} \approx 3.63 \times 10^{-10} \text{M} \).
05

Rain

Given \(\text{pH} = 5.8\), the solution is acidic because \(\text{pH} < 7\). Calculate \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]\): \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-5.8} \approx 1.58 \times 10^{-6} \text{M} \).
06

Honey

Given \(\text{pH} = 3.9\), the solution is acidic because \(\text{pH} < 7\). Calculate \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]\): \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-3.9} \approx 1.26 \times 10^{-4} \text{M} \).
07

Cheese

Given \(\text{pH} = 4.9\), the solution is acidic because \(\text{pH} < 7\). Calculate \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]\): \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-4.9} \approx 1.26 \times 10^{-5} \text{M} \).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

pH scale
The pH scale is a measure that indicates how acidic or basic a solution is. It ranges from 0 to 14. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are considered acidic, while those with a pH greater than 7 are regarded as basic. A pH of 7 is neutral, which is the pH of pure water. Every integer change on the pH scale represents a tenfold change in the concentration of hydronium ions \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\). For example, a solution with a pH of 3 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 4.
acidic and basic solutions
Solutions can be classified based on their pH values. Acidic solutions have more \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\) ions and a pH less than 7. Common examples include:
  • Soda: pH = 3.22
  • Shampoo: pH = 5.7
  • Rain: pH = 5.8
  • Honey: pH = 3.9
  • Cheese: pH = 4.9
Basic solutions have fewer \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\) ions and a pH greater than 7. An example is laundry detergent with a pH of 9.44. Understanding these distinctions helps in identifying the nature of everyday substances.
hydronium ion concentration
The concentration of hydronium ions, \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\), is crucial in calculating the pH of a solution. The formula to calculate pH from \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\) concentration is \(\text{pH} = -\text{log}[\text{H}_3\text{O}^+]\). Conversely, to determine \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\) concentration from pH, use the formula: \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-\text{pH}}\). Practical applications include:
  • Calculating \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\) for soda with pH = 3.22: \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-3.22} \approx 6.03 \times 10^{-4} \text{M}\)
  • Calculating \(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\) for laundry detergent with pH = 9.44: \([\text{H}_3\text{O}^+] = 10^{-9.44} \approx 3.63 \times 10^{-10} \text{M}\)
This comprehension is essential for chemistry students and anyone dealing with solutions in practical scenarios.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

At rest, the \(\left[\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]\) of the stomach fluid is \(2.0 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{M}\). What is the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of the stomach fluid?

Which of the following are at equilibrium? a. The rate of the forward reaction is twice as fast as the rate of the reverse reaction. b. The concentrations of the reactants and the products do not change. c. The rate of the reverse reaction does not change.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction of stomach acid \(\mathrm{HCl}\) with \(\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3},\) an ingredient in some antacids.

Identify each of the following as an acid or a base: (10.1) a. \(\mathrm{Be}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) c. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) d. \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3}\)

What is meant by the term reversible reaction?
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