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Chapter 1: Problem 40

Select the correct phrase(s) to complete the following statement: A hypothesis is confirmed when: (1.2) a. one experiment proves the hypothesis b. many experiments validate the hypothesis c. you think your hypothesis is correct

Short Answer

Expert verified
b. many experiments validate the hypothesis

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Meaning of Confirmation

Confirmation means that there is significant and consistent evidence supporting a hypothesis. This implies that it is not just a single result but a repeated observation.
02

- Evaluate Option a

Evaluate whether one experiment proving the hypothesis is sufficient for confirmation. Realize that relying on just one experiment could be misleading due to possible errors or anomalies.
03

- Evaluate Option b

Evaluate whether many experiments validating the hypothesis makes it confirmed. This option implies repeated and consistent results across various experiments, which aligns with the scientific method.
04

- Evaluate Option c

Evaluate whether believing the hypothesis is correct means it is confirmed. Understand that personal belief without experimental evidence does not scientifically confirm a hypothesis.
05

- Select the Correct Answer

Based on the analysis, option b is correct. Many experiments with consistent results are needed to scientifically confirm a hypothesis.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

hypothesis confirmation
Hypothesis confirmation is a crucial step in the scientific method. It's not enough to just have an idea or guess and consider it correct. A hypothesis needs thorough testing and evidence to support it. This means:
  • Collecting data.
  • Conducting multiple experiments.
  • Ensuring results are consistent and repeatable.
    • Confirmation requires that the hypothesis withstands various tests over time and under different conditions. Only then can we say a hypothesis is confirmed in the scientific sense. It's all about strong and reliable evidence.
experimental validation
Experimental validation is a process where we test a hypothesis using experiments. The goal is to gather data and observe if the results support the hypothesis. In the context of the scientific method:
  • We design experiments to eliminate bias and errors.
  • Experiments should be repeatable by other scientists.
  • We look for consistent results across various conditions and trials.

    • For instance, if you hypothesize that 'increased sunlight improves plant growth,' you would set up experiments to test this under various sunlight exposures. Successful experimental validation will show consistent growth patterns correlating with sunlight levels. This evidence is critical in moving from a hypothesis to a confirmed theory.
consistent evidence
Consistent evidence is the backbone of hypothesis confirmation and experimental validation. When multiple experiments are conducted:
  • Results should align closely with each other.
  • We look for repeated patterns that support the hypothesis.
  • Any anomalies should be minimal or explainable.

    • Consistency offers confidence that the results are not random or due to chance. As a scientist, you rely on this consistent evidence to build a solid understanding of the phenomena you are studying. In essence, the more consistent the evidence, the stronger the support for your hypothesis. This principle ensures that scientific conclusions are trustworthy and reliable.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Select the correct phrase(s) to complete the following statement: If experimental results do not support your hypothesis, you should: (1.2) a. pretend that the experimental results support your hypothesis b. modify your hypothesis c. do more experiments

Identify each activity, a to f, as an observation, a hypothesis, an experiment, or a conclusion. At a popular restaurant, where Chang is the head chef, the following occurred: a. Chang determined that sales of the house salad had dropped. b. Chang decided that the house salad needed a new dressing. c. In a taste test, Chang prepared four bowls of lettuce, each with a new dressing: sesame seed, olive oil and balsamic vinegar, creamy Italian, and blue cheese. d. Tasters rated the sesame seed salad dressing as the favorite. e. After two weeks, Chang noted that the orders for the house salad with the new sesame seed dressing had doubled. f. Chang decided that the sesame seed dressing improved the sales of the house salad because the sesame seed dressing enhanced the taste.

A cargo comprises \(80 \mathrm{~kg}\) of wheat and \(20 \mathrm{~kg}\) of cotton. What is the percentage of cotton by weight in the cargo? b. A ship contains 400 tons of wheat and 100 tons of cotton. What is the percentage of wheat by weight on the ship? c. Which contains a higher percentage of wheat?

For each of the following. indicate if the answer has a positive or negative sign: (1.4) a. A negative number is divided by a positive number. b. Two negative numbers are added.

Evaluate each of the following a. \(6 \times(-9)\) b. \(+7+(-81)\) c. \(\frac{-120}{-40}\)
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