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Chapter 2: Problem 86

The melting point of benzene is \(5.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and its boiling point is \(80.1{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Sketch a heating curve for benzene from \(0{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) a. What is the state of benzene at \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) b. What happens on the curve at \(5.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? c. What is the state of benzene at \(63^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? d. What is the state of benzene at \(98^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? e. At what temperature will both liquid and gas be present?

Short Answer

Expert verified
a: Liquid at 15掳C. b: Phase change at 5.5掳C. c: Liquid at 63掳C. d: Gas at 98掳C. e: 80.1掳C for liquid and gas.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Temperature Range and Phases

Identify the key temperature points: 0掳C, 5.5掳C, 80.1掳C, and 100掳C. These temperatures are important for determining the state transitions of benzene.
02

Sketch the Heating Curve

Draw a graph with temperature on the x-axis (from 0掳C to 100掳C) and energy on the y-axis. Mark three distinct regions: solid (0掳C to 5.5掳C), liquid (5.5掳C to 80.1掳C), and gas (80.1掳C to 100掳C). Indicate the phase change points at 5.5掳C (melting) and 80.1掳C (boiling).
03

Determine the State of Benzene at 15掳C

Since 15掳C is between the melting point (5.5掳C) and boiling point (80.1掳C), benzene is in the liquid state at 15掳C.
04

Describe the Curve at 5.5掳C

At 5.5掳C, benzene transitions from a solid to a liquid. The curve will show a horizontal line as it absorbs heat without changing temperature.
05

Determine the State of Benzene at 63掳C

Since 63掳C is also between the melting point (5.5掳C) and boiling point (80.1掳C), benzene is in the liquid state at 63掳C.
06

Determine the State of Benzene at 98掳C

Since 98掳C is above the boiling point (80.1掳C), benzene is in the gaseous state at 98掳C.
07

Identify Temperatures with Both Liquid and Gas

During the phase change from liquid to gas, both liquid and gas states will be present. This occurs at the boiling point of 80.1掳C.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Melting Point
The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it transitions from solid to liquid. For benzene, this temperature is 5.5掳C. At the melting point, the substance absorbs energy, causing the molecules to overcome their rigid structure. During this transition, the temperature remains constant until all the solid turns into liquid. For benzene, this is depicted as a horizontal line on the heating curve.
Boiling Point
The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas. Benzene boils at 80.1掳C. At this point, the liquid molecules absorb enough energy to break free from the liquid's surface, resulting in a phase change to gas. Again, the temperature stays constant during this transition until all the liquid has evaporated. On the heating curve, this phase change is shown as another horizontal line.
Phase Changes
Phase changes occur when a substance transitions between different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas). Key phase changes for benzene include melting (solid to liquid at 5.5掳C) and boiling (liquid to gas at 80.1掳C). Each phase change involves energy absorption without a change in temperature. This is because the energy goes into changing the molecular structure rather than raising the temperature.
States of Matter
Benzene, like all substances, can exist in three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Below 5.5掳C, benzene is solid. Between 5.5掳C and 80.1掳C, benzene is liquid. Above 80.1掳C, benzene becomes gaseous. The state of matter is determined by temperature and pressure, with specified transition points illustrating phase changes on the heating curve.
Temperature and Energy Graph
A temperature and energy graph, or heating curve, illustrates how a substance's temperature changes as energy is added. For benzene, the heating curve will show different slopes and horizontal lines:
  • From 0掳C to 5.5掳C: Solid benzene's temperature increases.
  • At 5.5掳C: Benzene melts; temperature is constant.
  • From 5.5掳C to 80.1掳C: Liquid benzene's temperature increases.
  • At 80.1掳C: Benzene boils; temperature is constant.
  • From 80.1掳C to 100掳C: Gaseous benzene's temperature increases.
The horizontal lines at melting and boiling points indicate energy used for phase changes without temperature increase.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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