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Complete the following table for an ideal gas. $$\begin{array}{|lccc|}\hline P(\mathrm{atm}) & V(\mathrm{L}) & n(\mathrm{mol}) & T \\ \hline 5.00 & & 2.00 & 155^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\\\\hline0.300 & 2.00 & & 155 \mathrm{K} \\ \hline 4.47 & 25.0 & 2.01 & \\\\\hline & 2.25 & 10.5 & 75^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\\ \hline\end{array}$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The completed table for the ideal gas is: $$\begin{array}{|lccc|}\hline P(\mathrm{atm}) & V(\mathrm{L}) & n(\mathrm{mol}) & T \\\ \hline 5.00 & 14.0 & 2.00 & 428.15 \,\mathrm{K} \\\\\hline0.300 & 2.00 & 0.0296 & 155\, \mathrm{K} \\\ \hline 4.47 & 25.0 & 2.01 & 679.09\,\mathrm{K} \\\\\hline 128.70 & 2.25 & 10.5 & 348.15\, \mathrm{K} \\\ \hline\end{array}$$

Step by step solution

01

Convert temperature to Kelvin

For any row that has temperature given in Celsius, convert it to Kelvin using the formula: \(T_{\mathrm{K}} = T_{^{\circ}\mathrm{C}} + 273.15\) Now that we have the temperatures in Kelvin, use the Ideal Gas Law to solve for the missing values in each row.
02

Row 1: Solve for the missing volume

We have \(P = 5.00 \, \mathrm{atm}\), \(n = 2.00 \, \mathrm{mol}\), and \(T = 155^{\circ} \mathrm{C} = 428.15 \, \mathrm{K}\). Use the Ideal Gas Law to find the missing volume: \(V = \frac{nRT}{P} = \frac{(2.00 \, \mathrm{mol})(0.0821 \, \frac{\mathrm{L\cdot atm}}{\mathrm{mol\cdot K}})(428.15 \, \mathrm{K})}{5.00 \, \mathrm{atm}} = 14.00 \, \mathrm{L}\)
03

Row 2: Solve for the missing number of moles

We have \(P = 0.300 \, \mathrm{atm}\), \(V = 2.00 \, \mathrm{L}\), and \(T = 155 \, \mathrm{K}\). Use the Ideal Gas Law to find the missing number of moles: \(n = \frac{PV}{RT} = \frac{(0.300\, \mathrm{atm})(2.00 \, \mathrm{L})}{(0.0821 \, \frac{\mathrm{L\cdot atm}}{\mathrm{mol\cdot K}})(155 \, \mathrm{K})} = 0.0296 \, \mathrm{mol}\)
04

Row 3: Solve for the missing temperature

We have \(P = 4.47 \, \mathrm{atm}\), \(V = 25.0 \, \mathrm{L}\), and \(n = 2.01 \, \mathrm{mol}\). Use the Ideal Gas Law to find the missing temperature: \(T = \frac{PV}{nR} = \frac{(4.47 \, \mathrm{atm})(25.0 \, \mathrm{L})}{(2.01 \, \mathrm{mol})(0.0821 \, \frac{\mathrm{L\cdot atm}}{\mathrm{mol\cdot K}})} = 679.09 \, \mathrm{K}\)
05

Row 4: Solve for the missing pressure

We have \(V = 2.25 \, \mathrm{L}\), \(n = 10.5 \, \mathrm{mol}\), and \(T = 75^{\circ} \mathrm{C} = 348.15\, \mathrm{K}\). Use the Ideal Gas Law to find the missing pressure: \(P = \frac{nRT}{V} = \frac{(10.5 \, \mathrm{mol})(0.0821 \, \frac{\mathrm{L\cdot atm}}{\mathrm{mol\cdot K}})(348.15\, \mathrm{K})}{2.25 \, \mathrm{L}} = 128.70 \, \mathrm{atm}\) The completed table is: $$\begin{array}{|lccc|}\hline P(\mathrm{atm}) & V(\mathrm{L}) & n(\mathrm{mol}) & T \\\ \hline 5.00 & 14.0 & 2.00 & 428.15 \,\mathrm{K} \\\\\hline0.300 & 2.00 & 0.0296 & 155\, \mathrm{K} \\\ \hline 4.47 & 25.0 & 2.01 & 679.09\,\mathrm{K} \\\\\hline 128.70 & 2.25 & 10.5 & 348.15\, \mathrm{K} \\\ \hline\end{array}$$

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Gas Laws Chemistry
Understanding the behavior of gases is foundational in chemistry. The Ideal Gas Law, represented by the equation \( PV = nRT \), is a cornerstone topic within gas laws chemistry that combines the relationships stated in Boyle's, Charles's, Avogadro's, and Gay-Lussac's laws.

In the context of the textbook problem, the Ideal Gas Law allows students to calculate any one of the four variables (pressure \(P\), volume \(V\), number of moles \(n\), or absolute temperature \(T\)) as long as the other three are known. This can open up a whole world of understanding the way gases behave under different conditions. This concept also emphasizes the importance of units, as seen where the value of the gas constant \(R\) must be matched with the pressure in atmospheres, volume in liters, and temperature in Kelvin to get the right answers.

To truly grasp gas laws, experimenting with problems like the one provided helps underline the direct and inverse relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas. For deeper learning, one could explore scenarios at different conditions or look into the real behavior of gases, which diverges from the ideal model at high pressures or low temperatures.
Problem Solving in Chemistry
A methodical approach is crucial for effectively solving problems in chemistry. The textbook exercise is a perfect example of a systematic process. It starts with understanding what is known and what needs to be found.

Next, it is vital to convert all units to a standard system; in this case, temperatures are converted to Kelvin. Understanding what each variable represents and how to reorder the Ideal Gas Law to solve for a specific unknown variable is a skill developed through practice and clear guidance on each step's purpose.

Also, being aware of common pitfalls, such as missing units or math errors, is important in ensuring accurate results. Having a clear roadmap, from analyzing the problem and gathering the relevant equations to executing the solutions and double-checking the results, helps build confidence and competence in tackling complex chemical problems.
Units Conversion Chemistry
Unit conversion is an integral part of chemistry, and errors in this can lead to incorrect answers and misunderstandings. The Ideal Gas Law exercise highlights the importance of converting Celsius to Kelvin before using these temperatures in the computations.

This conversion is essential because the Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale used in scientific equations to ensure proportionality and correctness in results. Additionally, careful attention must be given to consistency in units across all the measured values. When converting units, students learn not only about the different scales and measures but also about the broader topic of dimensional analysis, which can be applied to various types of chemical calculations.

Practicing units conversion helps students gain fluency in the language of chemistry, enabling them to effectively communicate and calculate in the global context of scientific research and education.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Air bags are activated when a severe impact causes a steel ball to compress a spring and electrically ignite a detonator cap. This causes sodium azide (NaN, ) to decompose explosively according to the following reaction:$$2 \mathrm{NaN}_{3}(s) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Na}(s)+3 \mathrm{N}_{2}(g)$$ What mass of \(\mathrm{NaN}_{3}(s)\) must be reacted to inflate an air bag to \(70.0 \mathrm{L}\) at \(\mathrm{STP} ?\)

A person accidentally swallows a drop of liquid oxygen, \(\mathbf{O}_{2}(l)\) which has a density of \(1.149 \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mL}\). Assuming the drop has a volume of \(0.050 \mathrm{mL},\) what volume of gas will be produced in the person's stomach at body temperature \(\left(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\) and a pressure of \(1.0 \mathrm{atm}\)?

An important process for the production of acrylonitrile \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{N}\right)\) is given by the following equation: $$2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{N}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)$$ A \(150 .\)-\(\mathrm{L}\)reactor is charged to the following partial pressures at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}:\) $$\begin{aligned}P_{\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H}_{6}} &=0.500 \mathrm{MPa} \\\P_{\mathrm{NH}_{3}} &=0.800 \mathrm{MPa} \\\P_{\mathrm{O}_{2}} &=1.500 \mathrm{MPa}\end{aligned}$$ What mass of acrylonitrile can be produced from this mixture \(\left(\mathrm{MPa}=10^{6} \mathrm{Pa}\right) ?\)

The preparation of \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)\) from \(\mathrm{N}_{2}(g)\) and \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) is an endothermic reaction: $$\mathrm{N}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NO}_{2}(g) \quad \text { (unbalanced) }$$ The enthalpy change of reaction for the balanced equation (with lowest whole-number coefficients) is \(\Delta H=67.7 \mathrm{kJ} .\) If \(2.50 \times\) \(10^{2} \mathrm{mL} \mathrm{N}_{2}(g)\) at \(100 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(3.50\) atm and \(4.50 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{mL} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) at \(100 .^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(3.50\) atm are mixed, what amount of heat is necessary to synthesize the maximum yield of \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g) ?\)

A particular balloon is designed by its manufacturer to be inflated to a volume of no more than 2.5 L. If the balloon is filled with 2.0 L helium at sea level, is released, and rises to an altitude at which the atmospheric pressure is only \(500 . \mathrm{mm}\) Hg, will the balloon burst? (Assume temperature is constant.)

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