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Chemical reactions are the processes in which substances known as reactants are transformed into different substances called products. In this context, the reaction involving coke and copper(II) oxide is a chemical reaction. The balanced equation is \(2 \ \text{CuO}(s) + \text{C}(s) \rightarrow 2 \ \text{Cu}(s) + \text{CO}_2(g)\). This indicates that two moles of copper(II) oxide (CuO) react with one mole of carbon (C) to produce two moles of copper (Cu) and one mole of carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚).
Understanding the stoichiometry of this equation is crucial as it shows how the reactants and products are related based on their mole ratios. In industrial chemistry, knowing these ratios is important for efficient material use and cost management.

Molar mass calculation is a fundamental concept in chemistry that allows us to determine the mass of one mole of a substance. It is determined by summing the atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule, as found on the periodic table. For copper(II) oxide (CuO), the molar mass is calculated by adding the molar masses of copper (63.55 g/mol) and oxygen (16.00 g/mol), giving us 79.55 g/mol for CuO.
Similarly, for carbon, which is found in coke, the molar mass is 12.01 g/mol. Calculating these molar masses is crucial because they serve as conversion factors to relate the mass of a substance to the amount in moles. This relation is essential for solving stoichiometry problems in chemistry.

Stoichiometry involves the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. By using the coefficients from the balanced chemical equation \(2 \ \text{CuO}(s) + \text{C}(s) \rightarrow 2 \ \text{Cu}(s) + \text{CO}_2(g)\), we see that two moles of CuO require one mole of carbon to react completely.
In the given problem, we were tasked with finding out how much coke (95% carbon by mass) was needed to react with 1.0 ton of copper(II) oxide. We calculated the moles of CuO in 1.0 ton (approximately 12,579 moles), used the stoichiometric ratio (2:1 for CuO to C), and found that approximately 6,290 moles of carbon were required. We then calculated the mass of carbon needed based on this molar amount (approximately 75,492 g), and from there, determined the total mass of coke by accounting for its 95% carbon content. Understanding stoichiometry helps in predicting the amounts of reactants needed and products formed in any given chemical reaction, which is vital for both laboratory and industrial chemical processes.