Marathon Problems.
These problems are designed to incorporate several concepts and techniques
into one situation.
For each of the following, fill in the blank with the correct response. All of
these fill-in-the-blank problems pertain to material covered in the sections
on alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon
derivatives. a. The first "organic" compound to be synthesized in the
laboratory, rather than being isolated from nature, was _____________which was
prepared from____________.
b. An organic compound whose carbon-carbon bonds are all single bonds is said
to be______.
c. The general orientation of the four pairs of electrons around the carbon
atoms in alkanes is_______.
d. Alkanes in which the carbon atoms form a single unbranched chain are said
to be_______alkanes.
e. Structural isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same number of each
type of atom but exhibit different arrangements of the_______between those
atoms.
f. The systematic names of all saturated hydrocarbons have the ending_______
added to a root name that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the
molecule.
g. For a branched hydrocarbon, the root name for the hydrocarbon comes from
the number of carbon atoms in the _________continuous chain in the molecule.
h. The positions of substituents along the hydrocarbon framework of a molecule
are indicated by the ________of the carbon atom to which the substituents are
attached.
i. The major use of alkanes has been in_______reactions,as a source of heat
and light.
J. With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo
_______reactions, whereby a new atom replaces one or more hydrogen atoms of
the alkane.
k. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid,
complete ______ reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the
carbon atoms of the double or triple bond.
1\. Unsaturated fats may be converted to saturated fats by the process of
________
m. Benzene is the parent member of the group of hydrocarbons called ________
hydrocarbons.
n. An atom or group of atoms that imparts new and characteristic properties to
an organic molecule is called a ___________ group.
0.4 _________alcohol is one in which there is only one hydrocarbon group
attached to the carbon atom holding the hydroxyl group.
p. The simplest alcohol, methanol, is prepared industrially by the
hydrogenation of ________
q. Ethanol is commonly prepared by the __________of certain sugars by yeast.
r. Both aldehydes and ketones contain the _______group but they differ in
where this group occurs along the hydrocarbon chain.
s. Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by _______ of the corresponding
alcohol.
t. Organic acids, which contain the __________ group, are typically weak
acids.
u. The typically sweet-smelling compounds called ____________ result from the
condensation reaction of an organic acid with an___________.
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