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Chapter 20: Problem 32

A coordination compound of cobalt(III) contains four ammonia molecules, one sulfate ion, and one chloride ion. Addition of aqueous \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) solution to an aqueous solution of the compound gives no precipitate. Addition of aqueous \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\) to an aqueous solution of the compound produces a white precipitate. Propose a structure for this coordination compound.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The structure of the coordination compound is [Co(NH3)4(SO4)]Cl, where cobalt(III) is the central atom, four ammonia molecules and one sulfate ion are part of the coordination sphere, and the chloride ion is outside the coordination sphere as a counterion. This arrangement is based on the fact that there is no precipitate formed when mixed with aqueous \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) and a white precipitate forms when mixed with aqueous \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\), indicating the sulfate ion is in the coordination sphere while the chloride ion is free to react.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Central Atom and Ligands

The coordination compound contains cobalt(III) as the central atom. The ligands present in the compound are four ammonia molecules (NH3), one sulfate ion (SO4^2-), and one chloride ion (Cl-).
02

Analyze the Reaction with \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\)

When the coordination compound is mixed with aqueous \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\), we notice that there is no precipitate formed. Since \(\mathrm{BaSO}_{4}\) is a very insoluble compound, it implies that the sulfate ion (SO4^2-) must be part of the coordination sphere and is not free to react with \(\mathrm{Ba}^{2+}\).
03

Analyze the Reaction with \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\)

When the coordination compound is mixed with aqueous \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\), a white precipitate forms. This indicates the formation of \(\mathrm{AgCl}\), which means that the chloride ion (Cl-) was free to react with \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\) from \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\). This suggests that the chloride ion is not part of the coordination sphere.
04

Determine the Coordination Number and Build the Structure

We know that cobalt(III) has a coordination number of 6, meaning it forms 6 bonds with ligands. Since the sulfate ion (SO4^2-) is part of the coordination sphere, we have already accounted for two bonds. The four ammonia molecules (NH3) contribute four more bonds, bringing the total to six bonds. So, the structure of the coordination compound must be [Co(NH3)4(SO4)]Cl, which denotes that cobalt(III) is at the center, surrounded by four NH3 ligands and one SO4^2- ligand in the coordination sphere, and the Cl- ion is outside the coordination sphere as a counterion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw geometrical isomers of each of the following complex ions. a. \(\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{2}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{2}^{-}\) b. \(\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{I}_{2}^{2+}\) c. \(\operatorname{Ir}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{Cl}_{3}\) d. \(\operatorname{Cr}(\mathrm{en})\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{I}_{2}^{+}\)

Draw the \(d\) -orbital splitting diagrams for the octahedral complex ions of each of the following. a. \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\) (high and low spin) b. \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) (high spin) c. \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\)

How many bonds could each of the following chelating ligands form with a metal ion? a. acetylacetone (acacH), a common ligand in organometal:atalysts: b. diethylenetriamine, used in a variety of industrial processes: $$ \mathrm{NH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{NH}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{NH}_{2} $$ c. salen, a common ligand for chiral organometallic catalysts: d. porphine, often used in supermolecular chemistry as well as catalysis; biologically, porphine is the basis for many different types of porphyrin- containing proteins, including heme proteins:

The following statements discuss some coordination compounds. For each coordination compound, give the complex ion and the counterions, the electron configuration of the transition metal, and the geometry of the complex ion. a. \(\mathrm{CoCl}_{2} \cdot 6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is a compound used in novelty devices that predict rain. b. During the developing process of black-and-white film, silver bromide is removed from photographic film by the fixer. The major component of the fixer is sodium thiosulfate. The equation for the reaction is: \(\begin{aligned} \operatorname{AgBr}(s)+2 \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(a q) & \longrightarrow \\\ \mathrm{Na}_{3}\left[\mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)_{2}\right](a q)+& \mathrm{NaBr}(a q) \end{aligned}\) c. In the production of printed circuit boards for the electronics industry, a thin layer of copper is laminated onto an insulating plastic board. Next, a circuit pattern made of a chemically resistant polymer is printed on the board. The unwanted copper is removed by chemical etching, and the protective polymer is finally removed by solvents. One etching reaction is: \(\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(a q)+4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) \longrightarrow\) \(2 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(a q)\)

Molybdenum is obtained as a by-product of copper mining or is mined directly (primary deposits are in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado). In both cases it is obtained as \(\mathrm{MoS}_{2},\) which is then converted to \(\mathrm{MoO}_{3}\). The \(\mathrm{MoO}_{3}\) can be used directly in the production of stainless steel for high-speed tools (which accounts for about \(85 \%\) of the molybdenum used). Molybdenum can be purified by dissolving \(\mathrm{MoO}_{3}\) in aqueous ammonia and crystallizing ammonium molybdate. Depending on conditions, either \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Mo}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) or \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{6} \mathrm{Mo}_{7} \mathrm{O}_{24} \cdot 4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is obtained. a. Give names for \(\mathrm{MoS}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{MoO}_{3}\) b. What is the oxidation state of Mo in each of the compounds mentioned above?
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