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Chapter 13: Problem 21

Which of the following conditions indicate a basic solution at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\) a. \(\mathrm{pOH}=11.21\) b. \(p H=9.42\) c. \(\left[O H^{-}\right]>\left[H^{+}\right]\) d. \(\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]>1.0 \times 10^{-7} M\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The conditions indicating a basic solution at 25掳C are options b, c, and d. Specifically, b. pH = 9.42 (since pH > 7), c. [OH鈦籡 > [H鈦篯 (higher concentration of OH鈦� ions), and d. [OH鈦籡 > \(1.0 \times 10^{-7} M\) (OH鈦� concentration higher than neutral).

Step by step solution

01

Understand the relationship between pH, pOH, and basic solutions.

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H鈦�) in a solution and ranges from 0 to 14. The pOH scale measures the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) in a solution and also ranges from 0 to 14. At 25掳C, a pH of 7 is considered neutral, meaning the concentration of H鈦� and OH鈦� ions are equal. A pH less than 7 indicates an acidic solution (higher concentration of H鈦� ions), while a pH greater than 7 indicates a basic solution (higher concentration of OH鈦� ions). The relationship between pH and pOH at 25掳C can be described by the equation: \[pH + pOH = 14\]
02

Determine if the given pOH value indicates a basic solution.

According to the problem, the given pOH value is 11.21. Using the formula mentioned earlier, we can find the corresponding pH value: \[pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 11.21 = 2.79\] Since the pH value is less than 7, it indicates an acidic solution, not a basic one. Thus, option a is incorrect.
03

Determine if the given pH value indicates a basic solution.

The problem states that the given pH value is 9.42. Since the pH value is greater than 7, it indicates a basic solution. Thus, option b is correct.
04

Determine if the given ion concentration relationship indicates a basic solution.

The problem states the condition that [OH鈦籡 > [H鈦篯. This condition means the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) is higher than the concentration of hydrogen ions (H鈦�), indicating a basic solution. Therefore, option c is correct.
05

Determine if the given OH鈦� concentration indicates a basic solution.

In this problem, it is given that the concentration of OH鈦� is greater than \(1.0 \times 10^{-7} M\). At 25掳C, the concentration of OH鈦� in a neutral solution is \(1.0 \times 10^{-7} M\). If the OH鈦� concentration is higher than this value, it indicates a basic solution. Thus, option d is correct. So, the conditions indicating a basic solution at 25掳C in the given exercise are options b, c, and d.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

pH scale
The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is. It ranges from 0 to 14, where each unit change in pH represents a tenfold change in H鈦� ion concentration. A pH of 7 is neutral, which means an equal concentration of hydrogen ions ( H鈦� ) and hydroxide ions ( OH鈦� ). Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are basic.鈥�
鈥�
鈥媁hy is this important? Well, the pH scale helps us understand the nature of substances in the solution, allowing us to predict how they will interact with other chemicals. For example, household items like vinegar and lemon juice fall below 7 on the pH scale, indicating their acidic nature, while baking soda solutions are above 7, showing their basic properties.
pOH scale
Similar to the pH scale, the pOH scale is used to determine the basicity of a solution. It also ranges from 0 to 14 and inversely relates to the pH scale. Essentially, pOH measures the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) in a solution.鈥�
鈥�
鈥婽he key formula linking these two scales is: \[ pH + pOH = 14 \]. This means that if you have one value, you can easily figure out the other. For instance, if the pOH is known to be 4, the pH can be worked out as 10, indicating a basic solution. Understanding this relationship is crucial as it allows us to interpret the chemical nature of a solution without directly measuring every component.
hydroxide ion concentration
Hydroxide ion concentration measures the amount of OH鈦� ions present in a solution. It is a critical factor in determining whether a solution is basic. Basic solutions have a higher concentration of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions, contributing to a pH greater than 7.鈥�
鈥�
鈥媁here does this matter? In practical terms, knowing the hydroxide ion concentration can assist in water treatment processes, pool maintenance, and even baking. For example, when making pretzels, a basic solution is used to get that characteristic brown crust. Understanding the concentration allows for better control of reactions that are pH-sensitive.
hydrogen ion concentration
Hydrogen ion concentration is a measure of the presence of H鈦� ions in a solution. It is fundamental for understanding the acidity of a substance. Generally, a higher concentration of hydrogen ions indicates an acidic solution, which corresponds to a lower pH value.
  • In biological systems, maintaining the right hydrogen ion concentration is crucial for cellular function and enzyme activity.
  • In chemistry, it plays a key role in determining how a substance will react with other materials.
Grasping the concept of hydrogen ion concentration helps one comprehend mechanisms such as acid-base balance in human bodies or the effects of acid rain on the environment. It's a foundational concept that supports various fields, from biochemistry to environmental science.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The pH of a 0.063-M solution of hypobromous acid (HOBr but usually written HBrO) is 4.95. Calculate \(K_{\mathrm{a}}\).

Which of the following represent conjugate acid-base pairs? For those pairs that are not conjugates, write the correct conjugate acid or base for each species in the pair. a. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{OH}^{-}\) b. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}, \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) c. \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}^{-}\) d. \(\mathrm{HC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}\)

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.10-M \mathrm{CoCl}_{3}\) solution. The \(K_{\mathrm{a}}\) value for \(\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}^{3+}\) is \(1.0 \times 10^{-5}\)

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.20-M \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\) solution \(\left(K_{\mathrm{b}}=\right.\) \(\left.5.6 \times 10^{-4}\right)\)

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of each of the following solutions. a. \(0.12 M \mathrm{KNO}_{2}\) b. \(0.45 M\) NaOCl c. \(0.40 M \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{ClO}_{4}\)
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