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Chapter 27: Problem 4

For each type of compound below, indicate how the boiling point changes as the molecular weight of the compound increases: a) alkane b) ketone c) alcohol

Short Answer

Expert verified
For each type of compound, the boiling point increases as the molecular weight increases. The effect is strongest in alcohols due to the presence of hydrogen bonding, followed by ketones because of their polarity, and weakest in alkanes which are nonpolar.

Step by step solution

01

Alkane

Alkanes are nonpolar and have only weak van der Waals forces. As the size (and thus the molecular weight) of the alkane increases, the strength of the van der Waals forces increases, thereby increasing the boiling point. Hence, the boiling point of alkanes increases with increasing molecular weight.
02

Ketone

Ketones are moderately polar due to the carbonyl group they contain, which results in dipole-dipole interactions. Along with this, they also experience van der Waals forces. So, like with alkanes, the boiling point of ketones will also increase with the increase in molecular weight.
03

Alcohol

Alcohols show strongest intermolecular forces, as compared to alkanes and ketones, due to the presence of hydrogen bonding along with van der Waals forces. Consequently, they have the highest boiling points among these compounds for a given molecular weight. But, as with the previous cases, the boiling point of alcohols also increase with increasing molecular weight.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the alcohols: a) what type(s) of intermolecular force is (are) present? b) what is the strongest intermolecular force present?

Recall that the electronegativity of \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{H}\) are roughly the same, but that \(\mathrm{O}\) has a significantly higher electronegativity. For each type of compound (alkane, ketone, alcohol) predict whether or not the compound is expected to be polar or nonpolar.

In the alkanes: a) what type(s) of intermolecular force is (are) present? b) what is the strongest intermolecular force present?

What is the difference between intramolecular bonds and intermolecular forces?

Rank these intermolecular forces in terms of their typical relative strengths: hydrogen bonding; dipole-dipole; induced dipole-induced dipole.
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