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Chapter 27: Problem 10

Is the strength of intermolecular forces determined by the bond strengths within the individual molecules? Explain your reasoning.

Short Answer

Expert verified
No, the strength of intermolecular forces is not determined by the bond strengths within the individual molecules. The intermolecular forces are more influenced by the type of particles involved and their structure rather than the bond strengths within the molecules.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Intramolecular forces refer to the forces of attraction within a single molecule, which include covalent, ionic, and metallic bonding. Intermolecular forces refer to the forces between different molecules, which are generally weaker than intramolecular forces. The types include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.
02

Analyze the Relationship

After identifying the nature of intramolecular and intermolecular forces, it is crucial to understand that these are different forces acting in different spatial regions. While the intramolecular forces hold the atoms within a molecule together, intermolecular forces are responsible for the interaction between separate molecules. The strength of intermolecular forces does not depend on the strength of intramolecular forces, or bond strength within the molecules.
03

Formulate the Explanation

Even though the intermolecular forces are generally weaker than intramolecular forces, their strength is not determined by the bond strength within the individual molecules. For instance, helium atoms can experience weak intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) despite having no bonds, while water has polar covalent bonds and experiences stronger intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding). This illustrates that the strength of intermolecular forces is determined more by the type of particles involved and their structure, rather than the strength of bonds within individual molecules.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Recall that the electronegativity of \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{H}\) are roughly the same, but that \(\mathrm{O}\) has a significantly higher electronegativity. For each type of compound (alkane, ketone, alcohol) predict whether or not the compound is expected to be polar or nonpolar.

Rank these intermolecular forces in terms of their typical relative strengths: hydrogen bonding; dipole-dipole; induced dipole-induced dipole.

In the alcohols: a) what type(s) of intermolecular force is (are) present? b) what is the strongest intermolecular force present?

On average, are the intermolecular forces stronger in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\boldsymbol{\ell})\) or in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})\) ? Explain.

In the alkanes: a) what type(s) of intermolecular force is (are) present? b) what is the strongest intermolecular force present?
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