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Chapter 21: Problem 4

For any diatomic molecule \(\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}\), what is the following sum: \(\delta_{\mathrm{A}}+\delta_{\mathrm{B}}\) ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The sum of the partial charges in any diatomic molecule \( \delta_{\mathrm{A}} + \delta_{\mathrm{B}} \) is equal to zero.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Partial Charge

Partial charges are assigned based on the electronegativity of the atoms that form a bond. In a diatomic molecule \( \mathrm{A} - \mathrm{B} \), the atom with the higher electronegativity would be given a partial negative charge, \( \delta - \), and the atom with the lower electronegativity would be given a partial positive charge \( \delta + \). These charges originate from the unequal sharing of electrons in the bond.
02

Considering Charge Neutrality

When considering the molecule as a whole, the overall charge must be neutral (assuming the molecule is neutral). This is because all the positive and negative charges cancel each other out.
03

Adding the Partial Charges

In the case of the molecule under consideration, summing the partial charges involves adding \( \delta_{\mathrm{A}} \) and \( \delta_{\mathrm{B}} \). Because of charge neutrality, \( \delta_{\mathrm{A}} + \delta_{\mathrm{B}} = 0 \).

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For \(\mathrm{HF}\), why is \(\delta_{\mathrm{F}}=-\delta_{\mathrm{H}}\) ?
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