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Chapter 11: Problem 7

What is the common feature of the electron configurations of the elements in a given column of the periodic table?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The common feature of the electron configurations of the elements in a given column of the periodic table is their highest occupied energy level, or their outermost electron shell. Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Electron Configuration

Electron configuration indicates the arrangement of electrons of an atom in atomic orbitals. It depicts how electrons are filled into the energy levels and sublevels according to the 'Aufbau Principle', i.e., electrons fill the lowest available energy levels first.
02

Identifying Patterns in Periodic Table

In the periodic table, elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic numbers horizontally in periods and vertically in groups or columns. Since the electron configuration is primarily determined by the atomic number (number of electrons), elements in the same group or column have similar configurations, especially in the outermost shell. The periodic table's periodicity is due to the recurring patterns of electron configurations as you move along periods and groups.
03

Illustrating Electron Configuration in a Group

For example, consider the Group 1 elements, also known as alkali metals, which include Hydrogen (H), Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), etc. For Hydrogen, the electron configuration is 1s1. For Lithium, the electron configuration is 1s2 2s1. For Sodium, it is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1, and so on. Though the electron configuration of each element is different, the common feature is that all elements in this group have one electron in their outermost shell. This feature is the common for all elements in the group.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the photoelectron spectrum of \(\mathrm{Sc}\), the peak at \(0.63 \mathrm{MJ} / \mathrm{mole}\) is assigned to the \(4 s\) subshell. Why is the peak at \(0.77 \mathrm{MJ} / \mathrm{mole}\) in the Sc spectrum assigned as a third subshell of \(n=3\) (named \(3 d\) ) as opposed to being a second subshell of \(n=4\) (that is, \(4 p) ?\)

Predict the electron configuration of Ga.
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