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Chapter 1: Problem 1

How many protons are found in \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C} ?^{13} \mathrm{C} ?^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-13 with a -1 charge all have 6 protons.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Atomic Number of Carbon

By consulting the periodic table, or using known knowledge, we can find that the atomic number of Carbon (C) is 6. This number represents the number of protons in an atom of Carbon.
02

Apply the Atomic Number of Carbon to All Forms

Since the atomic number corresponds to the number of protons in the nucleus of any given atom of an element, Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-13 with a -1 charge all have 6 protons.
03

Understand the Effect of Charge on Proton Number

The negative 1 charge on the Carbon-13 ion pertains to the number of electrons, not protons. A negative 1 ion charge means there is 1 extra electron compared to the number of protons, which does not change the number of protons.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Protons
Protons are one of the three main particles that make up an atom. They reside in the nucleus, which is at the center of the atom, along with neutrons. Protons have a positive electric charge and a mass equal to that of a neutron. The number of protons in an atom is a crucial piece of information because it determines the element's identity. For carbon, for instance, all atoms will have the same number of protons, which is six. Therefore, protons play a significant role in defining the characteristics and identity of an element.
Atomic Number
The atomic number is a unique identifier for each element, signifying the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. For example, carbon's atomic number is 6, indicating that every atom of carbon has six protons in its nucleus. Here are some key points about atomic numbers:
  • It determines the element's position on the periodic table.
  • It is the same for all isotopes of any given element.
  • The atomic number also implies the number of electrons in a neutral atom, balancing the charge.
In essence, the atomic number is fundamental for distinguishing one element from another.
Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and thus differ in mass. However, the number of protons remains unchanged among isotopes. So, carbon-12 and carbon-13 are both isotopes of carbon because they have six protons but differ in the number of neutrons. Here鈥檚 more about isotopes:
  • They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
  • Physical properties might vary, while chemical properties remain similar due to identical numbers of protons and electrons.
  • Some isotopes can be stable or radioactive, depending on the balance of forces in the nucleus.
Understanding isotopes provides insight into the variations within a single element.
Periodic Table
The periodic table is an organized chart of elements, arranged based on increasing atomic number from left to right and top to bottom. It helps quickly identify key information about each element, such as its atomic number and symbol. Some utility aspects of the periodic table include:
  • Grouping elements with similar properties in vertical columns called groups.
  • Displaying periods, or rows, that show increasing atomic numbers from left to right.
  • Allowing prediction of an element's chemical behavior based on its position.
The periodic table makes it easy to reference the atomic number, understand trends in element properties, and see the relationship between different elements at a glance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How many electrons are found in \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C} ?^{13} \mathrm{C} ?{ }^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) ?

How many neutrons are found in \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C}\) ? \({ }^{13} \mathrm{C} ?^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) ?

How is the mass number, A, (left-hand superscript next to the atomic symbol as shown in the Model) determined (from the structure of the atom)?

What structural feature is different in isotopes of a particular element?

In terms of the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons: a) Why does the notation \({ }^{13} \mathrm{C}^{-}\) have a negative sign in the upper right hand corner? b) What feature distinguishes a neutral atom from an ion? c) Provide an expression for calculating the charge on an ion.
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