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Chapter 16: Problem 7

Make a checklist that can used to determine if a Lewis structure is correct and that it is the best Lewis structure.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A checklist to confirm correct and best Lewis structure would include: total valence electrons, correct atom arrangement, proper electron placement, minimized formal charges, fulfilled octet rule and molecular stability.

Step by step solution

01

Check the Total Valence Electrons

Identify the total number of valence electrons of all the atoms in the molecule. The number of valence electrons can be found on the periodic table in the group (or family) number. The total must be the sum of valence electrons of all atoms.
02

Decide Central Atom

Generally, the atom with the lowest electronegativity or the highest valency is placed at the center. Hydrogen and Fluorine are exceptions, they will always be outer atoms.
03

Connect the Atoms with Bonds

Draw single lines (bonds) between the atoms. Each bond represents a pair of electrons. Subtract the number of bonding electrons from the total number of valence electrons.
04

Distribute Remaining Electrons as Lone Pairs

Assign the remaining electrons to the atoms in the molecule, starting with the outside atoms and moving to the central atom. Each atom should have an octet, except for hydrogen, which should have two electrons. If there are extra electrons after all atoms have an octet, place them on the central atom.
05

Check Formal Charges

If the structure doesn鈥檛 fulfill the octet rule, consider the formal charges on each atom. The formal charge is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity. The structure with formal charges closest to zero is preferred.
06

Ensure the Structure Follows the Octet Rule

Every atom (except Hydrogen) must be surrounded by 8 electrons either through shared pairs or lone pairs. Hydrogen, being in the first period, can only accommodate 2 electrons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How were the number of electrons in the possible Lewis structures of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) calculated?

If the net charge on a molecule is zero, must the formal charge on every atom in the molecule equal zero? Why or why not?
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