/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 162 Choose one of the following term... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 22: Problem 162

Choose one of the following terms to match the description given in statements (1)-(17). All of the following pertain to proteins or carbohydrates. a. aldohexose g. disaccharides \(\mathbf{m}\). ketohexoses b. saliva h. disulfide n. oxytocin c. cellulose i. globular o. pleated sheet d. \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) j. glycogen p. polypeptide e. cysteine k. glycoside linkage q. primary f. denaturation 1\. hydrophobic structure (1) polymer consisting of many amino acids (2) linkage that forms between two cysteine species (3) peptide hormone that triggers milk secretion (4) proteins with roughly spherical shape (5) sequence of amino acids in a protein (6) silk protein secondary structure (7) water-repelling amino acid side chain (8) amino acid responsible for permanent wave in hair (9) breakdown of a protein's tertiary and/or secondary structure (10) animal polymer of glucose (11) \(-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{C}-\) bond between rings in disaccharide sugars (12) empirical formula leading to the name carbohydrate (13) where enzymes catalyzing the breakdown of glycoside linkages are found (14) six-carbon ketone sugars (15) structural component of plants, polymer of glucose (16) sugars consisting of two monomer units (17) six-carbon aldehyde sugars

Short Answer

Expert verified
The short answers are: 1. polypeptide (p) 2. disulfide (h) 3. oxytocin (n) 4. globular (i) 5. primary (q) 6. pleated sheet (o) 7. hydrophobic structure (1) 8. cysteine (e) 9. denaturation (f) 10. glycogen (j) 11. glycoside linkage (k) 12. CH2O (d) 13. saliva (b) 14. ketohexoses (m) 15. cellulose (c) 16. disaccharides (g) 17. aldohexose (a)

Step by step solution

01

1. Polymer consisting of many amino acids

The term that matches this statement is polypeptide (p).
02

2. Linkage that forms between two cysteine species

The term that matches this statement is disulfide (h).
03

3. Peptide hormone that triggers milk secretion

The term that matches this statement is oxytocin (n).
04

4. Proteins with roughly spherical shape

The term that matches this statement is globular (i).
05

5. Sequence of amino acids in a protein

The term that matches this statement is primary (q).
06

6. Silk protein secondary structure

The term that matches this statement is pleated sheet (o).
07

7. Water-repelling amino acid side chain

The term that matches this statement is hydrophobic structure (1).
08

8. Amino acid responsible for permanent wave in hair

The term that matches this statement is cysteine (e).
09

9. Breakdown of a protein's tertiary and/or secondary structure

The term that matches this statement is denaturation (f).
10

10. Animal polymer of glucose

The term that matches this statement is glycogen (j).
11

11. -C-O-C- bond between rings in disaccharide sugars

The term that matches this statement is glycoside linkage (k).
12

12. Empirical formula leading to the name carbohydrate

The term that matches this statement is CH2O (d).
13

13. Where enzymes catalyzing the breakdown of glycoside linkages are found

The term that matches this statement is saliva (b).
14

14. Six-carbon ketone sugars

The term that matches this statement is ketohexoses (m).
15

15. Structural component of plants, polymer of glucose

The term that matches this statement is cellulose (c).
16

16. Sugars consisting of two monomer units

The term that matches this statement is disaccharides (g).
17

17. Six-carbon aldehyde sugars

The term that matches this statement is aldohexose (a).

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Polypeptides
Polypeptides are long chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They are a fundamental component of proteins. When these amino acid strings fold into complex shapes, they form functional proteins. Each polypeptide has a specific sequence of amino acids. This sequence determines the protein's three-dimensional structure and function.
  • Amino acids, the building blocks of polypeptides, come in 20 different types. Each one has distinct properties.
  • Peptide bonds are formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, creating a stable and strong linkage.
The primary structure of a protein refers to its specific sequence of amino acids. Understanding this layout is crucial, because even a small change in the sequence can lead to significant changes in the protein's function. Proteins and polypeptides are essential for many processes in the body, including enzyme function, cellular structure, and transport.
Glycoside Linkage
A glycoside linkage is a type of covalent bond that connects carbohydrate (sugar) molecules. This bond forms through a dehydration reaction where a water molecule is removed. The -C-O-C- linkage typically occurs between carbon atoms in individual sugar units of carbohydrates, like disaccharides.
  • Disaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose, consist of two monosaccharides joined by a glycoside linkage.
  • In the human body, enzymes break down these linkages, allowing sugars to be utilized for energy.
This type of bonding is critical in carbohydrate biochemistry. It determines the form and digestibility of sugars. The type of glycoside linkage can affect the overall structure and properties of the carbohydrate. For example, cellulose in plants has strong, rigid glycoside linkages that human enzymes cannot break down, making it insoluble and indigestible in the human diet.
Ketohexoses
Ketohexoses are a type of sugar molecule with six carbon atoms and a ketone group. A common example of a ketohexose is fructose, found naturally in fruits. These sugars play vital roles in metabolism and energy production.
  • Ketohexoses, like other sugars, can exist in linear or ring forms, which affect their chemical behavior and interactions.
  • They act as intermediate products in various biological pathways, especially in glycolysis.
Understanding ketohexoses is important because they are fundamental to the biochemistry of life. Their structure allows them to participate in complex reactions that are necessary for energy generation and storage. Their sweet taste also makes them a popular ingredient in food products.
Denaturation
Denaturation refers to the structural change in proteins or nucleic acids. This alteration typically involves the unfolding of secondary and tertiary structures, rendering them inactive.
  • Common causes of denaturation include changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals.
  • Denatured proteins often lose their biological function because their specific shape is necessary for their activity.
A classic example is cooking an egg. The heat alters the egg's protein structure, transforming it from a clear liquid to a solid and opaque white. Denaturation is not always irreversible. Sometimes, the original structure can be reinstated if normal conditions are restored, but this varies depending on the protein and the extent of the denaturation.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

For each of the following, fill in the blank with the correct response. All of these fill-in-the-blank problems pertain to material covered in the sections on alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon derivatives. a. The first "organic" compound to be synthesized in the laboratory, rather than being isolated from nature, was ____ ,which was prepared from _______. b. An organic compound whose carbon-carbon bonds are all single bonds is said to be _________. c. The general orientation of the four pairs of electrons around the carbon atoms in alkanes is _______. d. Alkanes in which the carbon atoms form a single unbranched chain are said to be _______ alkanes. e. Structural isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same number of each type of atom but exhibit different arrangements of the _____ between those atoms. f. The systematic names of all saturated hydrocarbons have the ending _____ added to a root name that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. g.For a branched hydrocarbon, the root name for the hydrocarbon comes from the number of carbon atoms in the _______ continuous chain in the molecule. h.The positions of substituents along the hydrocarbon framework of a molecule are indicated by the _______ of the carbon atom to which the substituents are attached. i. The major use of alkanes has been in _______ reactions, as a source of heat and light. j. With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo ________ reactions, whereby a new atom replaces one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane. k. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid, complete _______ reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the carbon atoms of the double or triple bond. l. Unsaturated fats may be converted to saturated fats by the process of __________. m. Benzene is the parent member of the group of hydrocarbons called ______ hydrocarbons. n.An atom or group of atoms that imparts new and characteristic properties to an organic molecule is called a ______ group. o.A _______ alcohol is one in which there is only one hydrocarbon group attached to the carbon atom holding the hydroxyl group. p.The simplest alcohol, methanol, is prepared industrially by the hydrogenation of ______. q. Ethanol is commonly prepared by ______ the of certain sugars by yeast. r. Both aldehydes and ketones contain ______ the but they differ in where this group occurs along the hvdrocarbon chain. s. Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by of______ the corresponding alcohol. t. Organic acids, which contain the ________ group, are typically weak acids. u. The typically sweet-smelling compounds called ____ result from the condensation reaction of an organic acid with an ________.

What types of interactions can occur between the side chains of the following amino acids that would help maintain the tertiary structure of a protein? a. cysteine and cysteine b. glutamine and serine c. glutamic acid and lysine d. proline and leucine

Polycarbonates are a class of thermoplastic polymers that are used in the plastic lenses of eyeglasses and in the shells of bicycle helmets. A polycarbonate is made from the reaction of bisphenol A (BPA) with phosgene \(\left(\mathrm{COCl}_{2}\right)\) : Phenol \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) is used to terminate the polymer (stop its growth). a. Draw the structure of the polycarbonate chain formed from the above reaction. b. Is this reaction a condensation or an addition polymerization?

Draw the following. a. cis \(-2\) -hexene b. trans-2-butene c. cis-2,3-dichloro-2-pentene

Glucose can occur in three forms: two cyclic forms and one open-chain structure. In aqueous solution, only a tiny fraction of the glucose is in the open-chain form. Yet tests for the presence of glucose depend on reaction with the aldehyde group, which is found only in the open-chain form. Explain why these tests work.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.