/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 88 Each of the following compounds ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 2: Problem 88

Each of the following compounds is incorrectly named. What is wrong with each name, and what is the correct name for each compound? a. \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}\), iron chloride b. \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\), nitrogen(IV) oxide c. \(\mathrm{CaO}\), calcium(II) monoxide d. \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{3}\), dialuminum trisulfide e. \(\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}\), manganese diacetate f. \(\mathrm{FePO}_{4}\), iron(II) phosphide g. \(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{5}\), phosphorus sulfide h. \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), sodium oxide i. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\), nitrate acid j. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\), sulfuric acid

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Iron(III) chloride b. Nitrogen dioxide c. Calcium oxide d. Aluminum sulfide e. Magnesium acetate f. Iron(III) phosphate g. Diphosphorus pentasulfide h. Sodium peroxide i. Nitric acid j. Hydrogen sulfide

Step by step solution

01

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Iron(III) chloride as there are three chloride ions connected to one Iron ion. The original name did not indicate the oxidation state of Iron. b. \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\), nitrogen(IV) oxide
02

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Nitrogen dioxide. The original name had the incorrect oxidation state of nitrogen. c. \(\mathrm{CaO}\), calcium(II) monoxide
03

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Calcium oxide. The original name included unnecessary oxidation state and the prefix "mono." d. \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{3}\), dialuminum trisulfide
04

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Aluminum sulfide. The original name used prefixes "di" and "tri," which are unnecessary in this case. e. \(\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{2}\), manganese diacetate
05

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Magnesium acetate. The original name mistakenly used "manganese" instead of "magnesium." f. \(\mathrm{FePO}_{4}\), iron(II) phosphide
06

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Iron(III) phosphate. The original name had the incorrect oxidation state of iron and called it phosphide instead of phosphate. g. \(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{5}\), phosphorus sulfide
07

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Diphosphorus pentasulfide. The original name missed the prefixes "di" and "penta." h. \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), sodium oxide
08

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Sodium peroxide. The original name did not acknowledge the peroxide group in the compound. i. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\), nitrate acid
09

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Nitric acid. The original name incorrectly called it "nitrate acid." j. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\), sulfuric acid
10

Name the compound correctly

The correct name for this compound is Hydrogen sulfide. The original name used the wrong name "sulfuric acid."

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Oxidation State
In chemistry, the oxidation state (or oxidation number) represents the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound. It's crucial because it helps to determine the correct name for chemical compounds, especially when a metal can have multiple oxidation states. For example, iron in iron(III) chloride,
  • The iron atom has an oxidation state of +3, indicated by the Roman numeral III.
  • This information tells us that iron has lost three electrons, making it necessary to balance this with three chloride ions.
  • Without indicating the oxidation state, you might not know it's iron(III), as opposed to iron(II) chloride.
Being aware of the oxidation state prevents ambiguity and ensures precise communication in chemistry.
Prefixes in Chemical Names
Prefixes are used in chemistry to indicate the number of atoms of each element in a compound, primarily with non-metallic components. They are essential for correctly naming compounds, especially molecular compounds. For instance:
  • The compound diphosphorus pentasulfide (\(P_2S_5\)) uses "di" to indicate two phosphorus atoms and "penta" for five sulfur atoms.
  • In metal compounds, prefixes are generally unnecessary, as seen with sulfur, where sulfur(IV) oxide is commonly known as sulfur dioxide.
  • Prefixes aid in distinguishing similar compounds, ensuring clarity in communication.
Avoid using prefixes for ionic compounds, except for cases where the compound is molecular. This would help clarify names and prevention of errors.
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are charged groups of covalently bonded atoms functioning as a single ion. They are essential for understanding many chemical reactions and for naming compounds correctly. Several key polyatomic ions appear frequently, such as:
  • The phosphate ion (\(PO_4^{3-}\)), which forms compounds like iron(III) phosphate.
  • Acetate ion (\(C_2H_3O_2^-\)) pairs with magnesium to form magnesium acetate.
  • Peroxide group (\(O_2^{2-}\)) in sodium peroxide highlights a less common type of polyatomic ion.
Recognizing these ions and their charges is critical for writing and naming chemical formulas correctly, which in turn supports proper understanding and communication of chemistry.
Compound Naming Rules
Chemical compounds must follow specific nomenclature rules to be properly identified. These rules ensure consistency, preventing misunderstandings in scientific communication. Here are some guidelines:
  • Ionic compounds: Name the metal first, followed by the non-metal, altering the end of the non-metal's name to "-ide." For example, \(CaO\) becomes calcium oxide.
  • Molecular compounds: Utilize prefixes to denote the quantity of each element, as with \(P_2S_5\), called diphosphorus pentasulfide.
  • Acids: Identify by the presence of hydrogen ions, modifying the anion name (e.g., "nitrate" becomes "nitric" in nitric acid).
  • Common errors: Failing to use these rules leads to errors, like confusing nitrate for nitric acid or incorrectly applying metal oxidation states in names.
Accuracy in naming is not only a formality but a necessity for effective communication in scientific disciplines. Always double-check for correct elements, prefixes, and oxidation states.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

If the volume of a proton were similar to the volume of an electron, how will the densities of these two particles compare to each other?

Write the atomic symbol \(\left(\frac{1}{z} X\right)\) for each of the isotopes described below. a. number of protons \(=27\), number of neutrons \(=31\) b. the isotope of boron with mass number 10 c. \(Z=12, A=23\) d. atomic number 53 , number of neutrons \(=79\) e. \(Z=20\), number of neutrons \(=27\) f. number of protons \(=29\), mass number 65

Consider the elements of Group \(4 \mathrm{~A}\) (the "carbon family"): C, Si, Ge, \(S n\), and \(P b\). What is the trend in metallic character as one goes down this group? What is the trend in metallic character going from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

For each of the following sets of elements, label each as either noble gases, halogens, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or transition metals. a. \(\mathrm{Ti}, \mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Ag}\) b. \(\mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{Sr}, \mathrm{Ba}\) c. \(\mathrm{Li}, \mathrm{K}, \mathrm{Rb}\) d. Ne, \(\mathrm{Kr}, \mathrm{Xe}\) e. \(\mathrm{F}, \mathrm{Br}, \mathrm{I}\)

A combustion reaction involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen gas. The complete combustion of any hydrocarbon (binary compound of carbon and hydrogen) produces carbon dioxide and water as the only products. Octane is a hydrocarbon that is found in gasoline. Complete combustion of octane produces \(8 \mathrm{~L}\) of carbon dioxide for every \(9 \mathrm{~L}\) of water vapor (both measured at the same temperature and pressure). What is the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms in a molecule of octane?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.