Chapter 9: Problem 56
Describe the bonding in \(\mathrm{NO}^{+}, \mathrm{NO}^{-}\), and NO using both the localized electron and molecular orbital models. Account for any discrepancies between the two models.
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Chapter 9: Problem 56
Describe the bonding in \(\mathrm{NO}^{+}, \mathrm{NO}^{-}\), and NO using both the localized electron and molecular orbital models. Account for any discrepancies between the two models.
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A flask containing gaseous \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) is irradiated with \(25-\mathrm{nm}\) light. a. Using the following information, indicate what species can form in the flask during irradiation. $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{N}_{2}(g) & \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{~N}(g) & \Delta H &=941 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\ \mathrm{N}_{2}(g) & \longrightarrow \mathrm{N}_{2}^{+}(g)+\mathrm{e}^{-} & \Delta H &=1501 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\ \mathrm{N}(g) & \longrightarrow \mathrm{N}^{+}(g)+\mathrm{e}^{-} & \Delta H &=1402 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned} $$ b. What range of wavelengths will produce atomic nitrogen in the flask but will not produce any ions? c. Explain why the first ionization energy of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}(1501 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol})\) is greater than the first ionization energy of atomic nitrogen \((1402 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol})\).
Use the localized electron model to describe the bonding in \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\) (exists as \(\mathrm{HCCH}\) ).
Many important compounds in the chemical industry are derivatives of ethylene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\right)\). Two of them are acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate. Complete the Lewis structures, showing all lone pairs. Give approximate values for bond angles \(a\) through \(f\). Give the hybridization of all carbon atoms. In acrylonitrile, how many of the atoms in the molecule must lie in the same plane? How many \(\sigma\) bonds and how many \(\pi\) bonds are there in methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile?
Acetylene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\right)\) can be produced from the reaction of calcium carbide \(\left(\mathrm{CaC}_{2}\right)\) with water. Use both the localized electron and molecular orbital models to describe the bonding in the acetylide anion \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2}^{2-}\right)\)
In terms of the molecular orbital model, which species in each of the following two pairs will most likely be the one to gain an electron? Explain. a. CN or NO b. \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{2+}\) or \(\mathrm{N}_{2}{ }^{2+}\)
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