Chapter 9: Problem 56
Describe the bonding in \(\mathrm{NO}^{+}, \mathrm{NO}^{-}\), and NO using both the localized electron and molecular orbital models. Account for any discrepancies between the two models.
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Chapter 9: Problem 56
Describe the bonding in \(\mathrm{NO}^{+}, \mathrm{NO}^{-}\), and NO using both the localized electron and molecular orbital models. Account for any discrepancies between the two models.
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In Exercise 89 in Chapter 8, the Lewis structures for benzene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)\) were drawn. Using one of the Lewis structures, estimate \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) for \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)\) using bond energies and given that the standard enthalpy of formation of \(\mathrm{C}(g)\) is \(717 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). The experimental \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) value of \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)\) is \(83 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .\) Explain the discrepancy between the experimental value and the calculated \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) value for \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)\)
Using the molecular orbital model, write electron configurations for the following diatomic species and calculate the bond orders. Which ones are paramagnetic? Place the species in order of increasing bond length and bond energy. a. \(\mathrm{CO}\) b. \(\mathrm{CO}^{+}\) c. \(\mathrm{CO}^{2+}\)
Many important compounds in the chemical industry are derivatives of ethylene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\right)\). Two of them are acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate. Complete the Lewis structures, showing all lone pairs. Give approximate values for bond angles \(a\) through \(f\). Give the hybridization of all carbon atoms. In acrylonitrile, how many of the atoms in the molecule must lie in the same plane? How many \(\sigma\) bonds and how many \(\pi\) bonds are there in methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile?
Draw the Lewis structure for HCN. Indicate the hybrid orbitals, and draw a picture showing all the bonds between the atoms, labeling each bond as \(\sigma\) or \(\pi\).
Acetylene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\right)\) can be produced from the reaction of calcium carbide \(\left(\mathrm{CaC}_{2}\right)\) with water. Use both the localized electron and molecular orbital models to describe the bonding in the acetylide anion \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2}^{2-}\right)\)
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