/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 35 The work function is the energy ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 7: Problem 35

The work function is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom on the surface of a metal. How does this definition differ from that for ionization energy?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The work function (\(\Phi\)) is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a metal atom, depending on the type of metal and its surface condition. In contrast, ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion and is a property of individual elements. The processes involved in both phenomena are different, with work function focusing on the interaction between electrons and the metal surface, while ionization energy considers the interaction between electrons and the nucleus of the atom or ion. Work function is a property of metals, while ionization energy applies to any element. Generally, work function values are lower than ionization energy values, as electrons on the metal surface are loosely bound and more easily removed than electrons tightly bound to atoms in the gaseous state.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Work Function

The work function refers to the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a metal atom. This is often denoted by the symbol \(\Phi\). In general, the work function depends on the type of metal, its surface condition, and any additional surface treatments.
02

Definition of Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. It is typically expressed in units of electron volts (eV) and is a property of individual elements and their electron configurations. In general, ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table.
03

Comparison of Processes

The work function is associated with removing an electron from the surface of a metal atom, whereas ionization energy deals with the removal of an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. The processes involved in both phenomena are different: work function focuses on the interaction between the electrons and the metal surface, while ionization energy considers the interaction between the electrons and the nucleus of the atom or ion.
04

Comparison of Materials

Work function is a property of metals, specifically the surface of the metal. It is related to the ability of a metal to emit or absorb electrons. On the other hand, ionization energy is a property of individual elements and their electron configurations. This means that ionization energy can be defined for any element, whereas the work function can only be defined for metals.
05

Comparison of Energy Requirements

The work function is the energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a metal. It generally has lower values compared to the ionization energy of most elements. This is because the electrons on the metal surface are loosely bound and can be more easily removed than the electrons tightly bound to individual atoms in the gaseous state. In summary, the work function and ionization energy are related concepts but differ in terms of their definitions, processes involved, and materials they apply to.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Answer the following questions based on the given electron configurations and identify the elements. a. Arrange these atoms in order of increasing size: \([\mathrm{Kr}] 5 s^{2} 4 d^{10} 5 p^{6} ;[\mathrm{Kr}] 5 s^{2} 4 d^{10} 5 p^{1} ;[\mathrm{Kr}] 5 s^{2} 4 d^{10} 5 p^{3}\) b. Arrange these atoms in order of decreasing first ionization energy: \([\mathrm{Ne}] 3 s^{2} 3 p^{5} ;[\mathrm{Ar}] 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{3} ;[\mathrm{Ar}] 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{5}\)

An ion having a \(4+\) charge and a mass of \(49.9\) amu has 2 electrons with principal quantum number \(n=1,8\) electrons with \(n=2\), and 10 electrons with \(n=3 .\) Supply as many of the properties for the ion as possible from the information given. (Hint: In forming ions for this species, the \(4 s\) electrons are lost before the \(3 d\) electrons.) a. the atomic number b. total number of \(s\) electrons c. total number of \(p\) electrons d. total number of \(d\) electrons e. the number of neutrons in the nucleus f. the ground-state electron configuration of the neutral atom

Order the atoms in each of the following sets from the least exothermic electron affinity to the most. a. \(\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{F}\) b. \(\mathrm{Al}, \mathrm{Si}, \mathrm{P}\)

Neutron diffraction is used in determining the structures of molecules. a. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a neutron moving at \(1.00 \%\) of the speed of light. b. Calculate the velocity of a neutron with a wavelength of \(75 \mathrm{pm}\left(1 \mathrm{pm}=10^{-12} \mathrm{~m}\right)\)

As the weapons officer aboard the Starship Chemistry, it is your duty to configure a photon torpedo to remove an electron from the outer hull of an enemy vessel. You know that the work function (the binding energy of the electron) of the hull of the enemy ship is \(7.52 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{~J}\). a. What wavelength does your photon torpedo need to be to eject an electron? b. You find an extra photon torpedo with a wavelength of 259 \(\mathrm{nm}\) and fire it at the enemy vessel. Does this photon torpedo do any damage to the ship (does it eject an electron)? c. If the hull of the enemy vessel is made of the element with an electron configuration of \([\mathrm{Ar}] 4 s^{1} 3 d^{10}\), what metal is this?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.