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Chapter 6: Problem 27
A gas absorbs \(45 \mathrm{~kJ}\) of heat and does \(29 \mathrm{~kJ}\) of work. Calculate \(\Delta E\).
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In a coffee-cup calorimeter, \(1.60 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}\) is mixed with \(75.0 \mathrm{~g}\) water at an initial temperature of \(25.00^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). After dissolution of the salt, the final temperature of the calorimeter contents is \(23.34^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Assuming the solution has a heat capacity of \(4.18 \mathrm{~J} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \cdot \mathrm{g}\) and assuming no heat loss to the calorimeter, calculate the enthalpy change for the dissolution of \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}\) in units of \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\).
Write reactions for which the enthalpy change will be a. \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) for solid aluminum oxide. b. The standard enthalpy of combustion of liquid ethanol, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(l) .\) c. The standard enthalpy of neutralization of sodium hydroxide solution by hydrochloric acid. d. \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) for gaseous vinyl chloride, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}(g)\). e. The enthalpy of combustion of liquid benzene, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}(l)\). f. The enthalpy of solution of solid ammonium bromide.
The combustion of \(0.1584 \mathrm{~g}\) benzoic acid increases the temperature of a bomb calorimeter by \(2.54^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Calculate the heat capacity of this calorimeter. (The energy released by combustion of benzoic acid is \(26.42 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{g} .\) ) A \(0.2130-\mathrm{g}\) sample of vanillin \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)\) is then burned in the same calorimeter, and the temperature increases by \(3.25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is the energy of combustion per gram of vanillin? Per mole of vanillin?
Consider \(2.00 \mathrm{~mol}\) of an ideal gas that is taken from state \(A\left(P_{A}=\right.\) \(\left.2.00 \mathrm{~atm}, V_{A}=10.0 \mathrm{~L}\right)\) to state \(B\left(P_{B}=1.00 \mathrm{~atm}, V_{B}=30.0 \mathrm{~L}\right)\) by two different pathways: Calculate the work (in units of J) associated with the two pathways. Is work a state function? Explain.
Given the following data $$ \begin{aligned} 2 \mathrm{ClF}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) & \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{F}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) & \Delta H &=167.4 \mathrm{~kJ} \\ 2 \mathrm{ClF}_{3}(g)+2 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) & \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+3 \mathrm{~F}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) & \Delta H &=341.4 \mathrm{~kJ} \\\ 2 \mathrm{~F}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) & \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{~F}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) & \Delta H &=-43.4 \mathrm{~kJ} \end{aligned} $$ calculate \(\Delta H\) for the reaction $$ \mathrm{ClF}(g)+\mathrm{F}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{ClF}_{3}(g) $$
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