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Chapter 4: Problem 17

List the formulas of three soluble bromide salts and three insoluble bromide salts. Do the same exercise for sulfate salts, hydroxide salts, and phosphate salts (list three soluble salts and three insoluble salts). List the formulas for six insoluble \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) salts and one soluble \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) salt.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Soluble bromide salts: \(\mathrm{NaBr}\), \(\mathrm{KBr}\), \(\mathrm{HBr}\); Insoluble bromide salts: \(\mathrm{AgBr}\), \(\mathrm{PbBr_2}\), \(\mathrm{Hg_2Br_2}\). Soluble sulfate salts: \(\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}\), \(\mathrm{K_2SO_4}\), \(\mathrm{CaSO_4}\); Insoluble sulfate salts: \(\mathrm{BaSO_4}\), \(\mathrm{PbSO_4}\), \(\mathrm{SrSO_4}\). Soluble hydroxide salts: \(\mathrm{NaOH}\), \(\mathrm{KOH}\), \(\mathrm{Ba(OH)_2}\); Insoluble hydroxide salts: \(\mathrm{Ca(OH)_2}\), \(\mathrm{Mg(OH)_2}\), \(\mathrm{Al(OH)_3}\). Soluble phosphate salts: \(\mathrm{Na_3PO_4}\), \(\mathrm{K_3PO_4}\), \(\mathrm{(NH_4)_3PO_4}\); Insoluble phosphate salts: \(\mathrm{Ca_3(PO_4)_2}\), \(\mathrm{Mg_3(PO_4)_2}\), \(\mathrm{AlPO_4}\). Insoluble \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) salts: \(\mathrm{PbCl_2}\), \(\mathrm{PbBr_2}\), \(\mathrm{PbI_2}\), \(\mathrm{PbSO_4}\), \(\mathrm{PbCO_3}\), \(\mathrm{PbCrO_4}\); Soluble \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) salt: \(\mathrm{Pb(NO_3)_2}\).

Step by step solution

01

Soluble Bromide Salts

1. Sodium bromide (\(\mathrm{NaBr}\)): Sodium forms soluble salts with most anions. 2. Potassium bromide (\(\mathrm{KBr}\)): Like sodium, potassium also forms soluble salts with most anions. 3. Hydrogen bromide (\(\mathrm{HBr}\)): Hydrogen bromide is an acidic bromide salt, which is soluble in water.
02

Insoluble Bromide Salts

1. Silver bromide (\(\mathrm{AgBr}\)): Silver salts are mostly insoluble, including bromides. 2. Lead(II) bromide (\(\mathrm{PbBr_2}\)): Lead salts are often insoluble, barring a few exceptions. 3. Mercury(I) bromide (\(\mathrm{Hg_2Br_2}\)): Mercury(I) salts are mostly insoluble, including bromides.
03

Soluble Sulfate Salts

1. Sodium sulfate (\(\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}\)): Sodium forms soluble salts with most anions, including sulfates. 2. Potassium sulfate (\(\mathrm{K_2SO_4}\)): Likewise, potassium forms soluble salts with most anions, including sulfates. 3. Calcium sulfate (\(\mathrm{CaSO_4}\)): Calcium sulfate is an exception among alkaline earth sulfates, as it is slightly soluble in water.
04

Insoluble Sulfate Salts

1. Barium sulfate (\(\mathrm{BaSO_4}\)): Barium forms an insoluble sulfate salt. 2. Lead(II) sulfate (\(\mathrm{PbSO_4}\)): Lead forms an insoluble sulfate salt. 3. Strontium sulfate (\(\mathrm{SrSO_4}\)): Strontium forms an insoluble sulfate salt.
05

Soluble Hydroxide Salts

1. Sodium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{NaOH}\)): Sodium hydroxide is highly soluble in water. 2. Potassium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{KOH}\)): Like sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide is also highly soluble in water. 3. Barium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{Ba(OH)_2}\)): Barium hydroxide is an exception among alkaline earth hydroxides, as it is soluble in water (but not as soluble as NaOH and KOH).
06

Insoluble Hydroxide Salts

1. Calcium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{Ca(OH)_2}\)): Calcium forms a sparingly soluble hydroxide salt. 2. Magnesium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{Mg(OH)_2}\)): Magnesium forms an insoluble hydroxide salt. 3. Aluminum hydroxide (\(\mathrm{Al(OH)_3}\)): Aluminum forms an insoluble hydroxide salt.
07

Soluble Phosphate Salts

1. Sodium phosphate (\(\mathrm{Na_3PO_4}\)): Sodium phosphate is soluble in water. 2. Potassium phosphate (\(\mathrm{K_3PO_4}\)): Potassium phosphate is soluble in water. 3. Ammonium phosphate (\(\mathrm{(NH_4)_3PO_4}\)): Ammonium phosphate is soluble in water.
08

Insoluble Phosphate Salts

1. Calcium phosphate (\(\mathrm{Ca_3(PO_4)_2}\)): Calcium forms an insoluble phosphate salt. 2. Magnesium phosphate (\(\mathrm{Mg_3(PO_4)_2}\)): Magnesium forms an insoluble phosphate salt. 3. Aluminum phosphate (\(\mathrm{AlPO_4}\)): Aluminum forms an insoluble phosphate salt.
09

Insoluble \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) Salts

1. Lead(II) chloride (\(\mathrm{PbCl_2}\)) 2. Lead(II) bromide (\(\mathrm{PbBr_2}\)) 3. Lead(II) iodide (\(\mathrm{PbI_2}\)) 4. Lead(II) sulfate (\(\mathrm{PbSO_4}\)) 5. Lead(II) carbonate (\(\mathrm{PbCO_3}\)) 6. Lead(II) chromate (\(\mathrm{PbCrO_4}\))
10

Soluble \(\mathrm{Pb}^{2+}\) Salts

1. Lead(II) nitrate (\(\mathrm{Pb(NO_3)_2}\)): Lead nitrate is an exception among lead salts, as it is soluble in water.

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