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Chapter 3: Problem 28

A balanced chemical equation contains a large amount of information. What information is given in a balanced equation?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A balanced chemical equation provides information about the reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction, their stoichiometry (represented by coefficients), conservation of mass, and the state of each substance (e.g., solid, liquid, gas, aqueous solution). Additionally, some balanced equations may provide information about reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, or catalysts. This information is essential for understanding, predicting, and optimizing chemical reactions in various applications.

Step by step solution

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1. Basics of a Balanced Chemical Equation

A balanced chemical equation contains chemical formulas for the reactants and products, along with coefficients to denote the number of each substance. It represents a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reactants is equal to the number of atoms in the products. This follows the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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2. Components of a Balanced Chemical Equation

A balanced chemical equation includes: a. Reactants: The substances that react in the chemical equation. b. Products: The substances that are formed as a result of the reaction. c. Coefficients: The coefficients indicate the number of molecules or moles of a substance. They are whole numbers that are written in front of the chemical formulas to balance the equation.
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3. Information given by a Balanced Chemical Equation

A balanced equation provides the following information: a. Reactants and products: It describes the substances involved in a reaction and the substances that result from the reaction. b. Stoichiometry: The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation give information about the ratio of the reactants and products in a reaction. This information can help to determine the amount of a substance that will be consumed or produced in the reaction. c. Conservation of mass: The balanced equation demonstrates the Law of Conservation of Mass by showing that the total number of atoms in the reactants is equal to the total number of atoms in the products. d. State of reactants and products: The equation can also include labels to indicate the state of each substance, such as (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, (g) for gas, and (aq) for aqueous solutions. e. Reaction conditions: Some balanced chemical equations may also provide information about reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, or catalysts. These factors can affect the rate and extent of the reaction.
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4. Importance of Balanced Chemical Equations

Balanced chemical equations are essential for understanding and predicting chemical reactions because they provide crucial information about the reactants, products, stoichiometry, and conservation of mass. This information is useful for a range of applications, including laboratory experiments, industrial processes, and environmental studies. By interpreting the information given in balanced equations, scientists and engineers can design, control, and optimize chemical processes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In using a mass spectrometer, a chemist sees a peak at a mass of \(30.0106\). Of the choices \({ }^{12} \mathrm{C}_{2}{ }^{1} \mathrm{H}_{6},{ }^{12} \mathrm{C}^{1} \mathrm{H}_{2}{ }^{16} \mathrm{O}\), and \({ }^{14} \mathrm{~N}^{16} \mathrm{O}\), which is responsible for this peak? Pertinent masses are \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}, 1.007825\); \({ }^{16} \mathrm{O}, 15.994915 ;\) and \({ }^{14} \mathrm{~N}, 14.003074 .\)

Glass is a mixture of several compounds, but a major constituent of most glass is calcium silicate, \(\mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}\). Glass can be etched by treatment with hydrofluoric acid; HF attacks the calcium silicate of the glass, producing gaseous and water-soluble products (which can be removed by washing the glass). For example, the volumetric glassware in chemistry laboratories is often graduated by using this process. Balance the following equation for the reaction of hydrofluoric acid with calcium silicate. $$ \mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{HF}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaF}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{SiF}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$

Acrylonitrile \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{~N}\right)\) is the starting material for many synthetic carpets and fabrics. It is produced by the following reaction. \(2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{~N}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) If \(15.0 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}, 10.0 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), and \(5.00 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NH}_{3}\) are reacted, what mass of acrylonitrile can be produced, assuming \(100 \%\) yield?

A common demonstration in chemistry courses involves adding a tiny speck of manganese(IV) oxide to a concentrated hydrogen peroxide \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) solution. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes quite spectacularly under these conditions to produce oxygen gas and steam (water vapor). Manganese(IV) oxide is a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and is not consumed in the reaction. Write the balanced equation for the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide.

The compound \(\mathrm{As}_{2} \mathrm{I}_{4}\) is synthesized by reaction of arsenic metal with arsenic triiodide. If a solid cubic block of arsenic \((d=5.72\) \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) ) that is \(3.00 \mathrm{~cm}\) on edge is allowed to react with \(1.01 \times 10^{24}\) molecules of arsenic triiodide, what mass of \(\mathrm{As}_{2} \mathrm{I}_{4}\) can be prepared? If the percent yield of \(\mathrm{As}_{2} \mathrm{I}_{4}\) was \(75.6 \%\), what mass of \(\mathrm{As}_{2} \mathrm{I}_{4}\) was actually isolated?
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