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Chapter 22: Problem 8

Give an example reaction that would yield the following products. Name the organic reactant and product in each reaction. a. alkane b. monohalogenated alkane c. dihalogenated alkane d. tetrahalogenated alkane e. monohalogenated benzene f. alkene

Short Answer

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Example reactions: a. Alkane: \[C2H4 + H2 \rightarrow C2H6\] (Reactant: Ethene; Product: Ethane) b. Monohalogenated alkane: \[CH4 + Cl2 \rightarrow CH3Cl + HCl\] (Reactant: Methane; Product: Chloromethane) c. Dihalogenated alkane: \[CH3Cl + Cl2 \rightarrow CH2Cl2 + HCl\] (Reactant: Chloromethane; Product: Dichloromethane) d. Tetrahalogenated alkane: \[CHCl3 + Cl2 \rightarrow CCl4 + HCl\] (Reactant: Trichloromethane; Product: Tetrachloromethane) e. Monohalogenated benzene: \[C6H6 + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H5Cl + HCl\] (Reactant: Benzene; Product: Chlorobenzene) f. Alkene: \[C2H5OH \rightarrow C2H4 + H2O\] (Reactant: Ethanol; Product: Ethene)

Step by step solution

01

Example reaction yielding an alkane

A reaction that yields an alkane is the hydrogenation of an alkene. An example is the hydrogenation of ethene (C2H4) to form ethane (C2H6). Reaction: \[C2H4 + H2 \rightarrow C2H6\] Reactant: Ethene Product: Ethane
02

Example reaction yielding a monohalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a monohalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of an alkane. An example is the chlorination of methane (CH4) to form chloromethane (CH3Cl). Reaction: \[CH4 + Cl2 \rightarrow CH3Cl + HCl\] Reactant: Methane Product: Chloromethane
03

Example reaction yielding a dihalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a dihalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of a monohalogenated alkane. An example is the chlorination of chloromethane (CH3Cl) to form dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). Reaction: \[CH3Cl + Cl2 \rightarrow CH2Cl2 + HCl\] Reactant: Chloromethane Product: Dichloromethane
04

Example reaction yielding a tetrahalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a tetrahalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of a trihalogenated alkane. An example is the chlorination of trichloromethane (CHCl3) to form tetrachloromethane (CCl4). Reaction: \[CHCl3 + Cl2 \rightarrow CCl4 + HCl\] Reactant: Trichloromethane Product: Tetrachloromethane
05

Example reaction yielding a monohalogenated benzene

A reaction that yields a monohalogenated benzene is the electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene. An example is the chlorination of benzene (C6H6) to form chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl). Reaction: \[C6H6 + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H5Cl + HCl\] Reactant: Benzene Product: Chlorobenzene
06

Example reaction yielding an alkene

A reaction that yields an alkene is the dehydration of an alcohol. An example is the dehydration of ethanol (C2H5OH) to form ethene (C2H4). Reaction: \[C2H5OH \rightarrow C2H4 + H2O\] Reactant: Ethanol Product: Ethene

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How many different pentapeptides can be formed using five different amino acids?

For each of the following, fill in the blank with the correct response(s). All of the following pertain to nucleic acids. a. The substance in the nucleus of the cell that stores and transmits genetic information is DNA, which stands for b. The basic repeating monomer units of DNA and RNA are called c. The pentose deoxyribose is found in DNA, whereas is found in RNA. d. The basic linkage in DNA or RNA between the sugar molecule and phosphoric acid is a phosphate e. The bases on opposite strands of DNA are said to be to each other, which means the bases fit together specifically by hydrogen bonding to one another. f. In a strand of normal DNA, the base found paired with the base adenine, whereas is always found paired with cytosine. g. A given segment of the DNA molecule, which contains the molecular coding for a specific protein to be synthesized, is referred to as a- h. During protein synthesis, RNA molecules attach to and transport specific amino acids to the appropriate position on the pattern provided by RNA molecules. i. The codes specified by are responsible for assembling the correct primary structure of proteins.

Stretch a rubber band while holding it gently to your lips. Then slowly let it relax while still in contact with your lips. a. What happens to the temperature of the rubber band on stretching? b. Is the stretching an exothermic or endothermic process? c. Explain the above result in terms of intermolecular forces. d. What is the sign of \(\Delta S\) and \(\Delta G\) for stretching the rubber band? e. Give the molecular explanation for the sign of \(\Delta S\) for stretching.

Give the structure for each of the following. a. 3 -hexene b. 2,4 -heptadiene c. 2 -methyl-3-octene

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