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Fluorine reacts with sulfur to form several different covalent compounds. Three of these compounds are \(\mathrm{SF}_{2}, \mathrm{SF}_{4}\), and \(\mathrm{SF}_{6}\). Draw the Lewis structures for these compounds, and predict the molecular structures (including bond angles). Would you expect \(\mathrm{OF}_{4}\) to be a stable compound?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The Lewis structures of SF2, SF4, and SF6 are: SF2: F | S | F SF4: F | S--F / F SF6: F | F--S--F | F / The molecular geometries and bond angles are: SF2: Bent, 104.5° SF4: Seesaw, 102° (equatorial plane), 173° (axial fluorine atoms) SF6: Octahedral, 90° OF4 would not be stable, as oxygen can only form two double bonds and requires more than four available bonding electrons to form a tetra-covalent compound with fluorine.

Step by step solution

01

1. Determine the electron configuration for each compound

We will first learn the electron configuration for sulfur and fluorine atoms. Sulfur belongs to the 3rd period and 6th group of the periodic table, so its electron configuration is \[1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{4}\]. Fluorine belongs to the 2nd period and 7th group of the periodic table, so its electron configuration is \[1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{5}\].
02

2. Draw the Lewis structures for SF2, SF4, and SF6

For each sulfur-fluorine compound, distribute the shared and unshared electron pairs between the sulfur and fluorine atoms. SF2: Sulfur has 6 valence electrons, and each fluorine atom has 7 valence electrons. In total, SF2 has 20 valence electrons. The Lewis structure is: F | S | F SF4: Sulfur has 6 valence electrons, and each fluorine atom has 7 valence electrons. In total, SF4 has 34 valence electrons. The Lewis structure is: F | S--F / F SF6: Sulfur has 6 valence electrons, and each fluorine atom has 7 valence electrons. In total, SF6 has 48 valence electrons. The Lewis structure is: F | F--S--F | F /
03

3. Predict the molecular structures and bond angles

Now, we will use the VSEPR model to predict the molecular geometries and bond angles for each compound: SF2: The molecular geometry of SF2 is bent because there are two bonding electron pairs and one lone pair on the sulfur atom. The bond angle is approximately 104.5° since sulfur is in the same period as oxygen, which has a bent molecular geometry for water with a similar electron distribution. SF4: The molecular geometry of SF4 is seesaw because there are four bonding electron pairs and one lone pair on the sulfur atom. The bond angles are approximately 102° within the equatorial plane and 173° for the axial fluorine atoms. SF6: The molecular geometry of SF6 is octahedral because there are six bonding electron pairs and no lone pairs on the sulfur atom. All bond angles are 90°.
04

4. Determine the stability of OF4

Oxygen, being in the same group as fluorine, has a similar electron configuration with 6 valence electrons. If we attempt to form OF4, oxygen would need to share eight electrons for bond formation. However, oxygen can share a maximum of four electrons (forming double bonds) because it has only four unpaired electrons available for bonding. Therefore, OF4 would not be a stable compound as oxygen requires more than four available bonding electrons to form a tetra-covalent compound with fluorine.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Phosphoric acid \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)\) is a triprotic acid, phosphorous acid \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\right)\) is a diprotic acid, and hypophosphorous acid \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{2}\right)\) is a monoprotic acid. Explain this phenomenon.

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