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Chapter 20: Problem 56

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is an effective grease remover. Like many cleaners, TSP acts as a base in water. Write a balanced equation to account for this basic behavior.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equation that accounts for the basic behavior of Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) in water is: \( Na_{3}PO_{4} (s) + H_{2}O (l) \rightarrow 3 Na^{+} (aq) + HPO_{4}^{2-} (aq) + OH^{-} (aq) \)

Step by step solution

01

Write the formula for trisodium phosphate

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) has the chemical formula Na3PO4.
02

Dissociation of trisodium phosphate in water

When trisodium phosphate dissolves in water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and phosphate ions (PO4^3-). We can write the dissociation equation as: Na3PO4 (s) -> 3 Na+ (aq) + PO4^3- (aq)
03

Basic behavior of trisodium phosphate

The basic behavior of TSP comes from the phosphate ion (PO4^3-), which can act as a Br酶nsted-Lowry base by accepting hydrogen ions (H+) from water (acting as an acid). The reaction can be written as: PO4^3- (aq) + H2O (l) -> HPO4^2- (aq) + OH- (aq)
04

Balanced equation for the basic behavior of trisodium phosphate

The balanced equation that accounts for the basic behavior of TSP can be obtained by combining the dissociation equation (Step 2) and the basic behavior equation (Step 3). Na3PO4 (s) -> 3 Na+ (aq) + PO4^3- (aq) PO4^3- (aq) + H2O (l) -> HPO4^2- (aq) + OH- (aq) Therefore, the balanced equation is: Na3PO4 (s) + H2O (l) -> 3 Na+ (aq) + HPO4^2- (aq) + OH- (aq)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

a. Many biochemical reactions that occur in cells require relatively high concentrations of potassium ion \(\left(\mathrm{K}^{+}\right) .\) The concentration of \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) in muscle cells is about \(0.15 \mathrm{M}\). The concentration of \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) in blood plasma is about \(0.0050 M\). The high internal concentration in cells is maintained by pumping \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) from the plasma. How much work must be done to transport \(1.0 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{~K}^{+}\) from the blood to the inside of a muscle cell at \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (normal body temperature)? b. When \(1.0 \mathrm{~mol} \mathrm{~K}^{+}\) is transferred from blood to the cells, do any other ions have to be transported? Why or why not? c. Cells use the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, abbreviated ATP, as a source of energy. Symbolically, this reaction can be represented as $$\operatorname{ATP}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{ADP}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}^{-}(a q)$$ where ADP represents adenosine diphosphate. For this reaction at \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, K=1.7 \times 10^{5}\). How many moles of ATP must be hydrolyzed to provide the energy for the transport of \(1.0 \mathrm{~mol}\) \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) ? Assume standard conditions for the ATP hydrolysis reaction.

The space shuttle orbiter utilizes the oxidation of methylhydrazine by dinitrogen tetroxide for propulsion: \(4 \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{3}(l)+5 \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}(l) \longrightarrow 12 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+9 \mathrm{~N}_{2}(g)+4 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)\) Calculate \(\Delta H^{\circ}\) for this reaction using data in Appendix \(4 .\)

Diagonal relationships in the periodic table exist as well as the vertical relationships. For example, Be and Al are similar in some of their properties as are \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{Si}\). Rationalize why these diagonal relationships hold for properties such as size, ionization energy, and electron affinity.

Arsenic reacts with oxygen to form oxides that react with water in a manner analogous to that of the phosphorus oxides. Write balanced chemical equations describing the reaction of arsenic with oxygen and the reaction of the resulting oxide with water.

Sulfur forms a wide variety of compounds in which it has \(+6\), \(+4,+2,0\), and \(-2\) oxidation states. Give examples of sulfur compounds having each of these oxidation states.
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