/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 33 \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

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Chapter 20: Problem 33

\(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) is amphoteric. What does this mean?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Aluminum oxide (Al鈧侽鈧�) being amphoteric means it can act as both an acid and a base. As an acid, it donates protons (H鈦�) to a base according to the reaction: \[Al_2O_3 + 6OH^- \rightarrow 2Al(OH)_6^-\]. As a base, it accepts protons (H鈦�) from an acid following the reaction: \[Al_2O_3 + 6H^+ \rightarrow 2Al^{3+} + 3H_2O\]. This dual behavior allows Al鈧侽鈧� to interact with both acids and bases depending on the solution it is in contact with.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Al鈧侽鈧� as an Acid

Amphoteric compounds can donate protons (H鈦�) to a solution, which is a characteristic behavior of acids. In the case of aluminum oxide (Al鈧侽鈧�), when it's in contact with a base, it can donate protons to the base. The chemical reaction for aluminum oxide (Al鈧侽鈧�) acting as an acid is: \[Al_2O_3 + 6OH^- \rightarrow 2Al(OH)_6^-\] As you can see, aluminum oxide donates protons (H鈦�) to hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) present in the base, forming hexahydroaluminate ions (Al(OH)鈧嗏伝).
02

Understand Al鈧侽鈧� as a Base

Amphoteric compounds can also accept protons (H鈦�) from a solution, which is typical behavior of bases. In the case of aluminum oxide (Al鈧侽鈧�), when it's in contact with an acid, it can accept protons from the acid. The chemical reaction for aluminum oxide (Al鈧侽鈧�) acting as a base is: \[Al_2O_3 + 6H^+ \rightarrow 2Al^{3+} + 3H_2O\] As you can see, aluminum oxide accepts protons (H鈦�) from the acid, forming aluminum ions (Al鲁鈦�) and water (H鈧侽).
03

Synthesis

In summary, aluminum oxide (Al鈧侽鈧�) is amphoteric because it can both donate protons (H鈦�) to a base and accept protons (H鈦�) from an acid. This dual function allows Al鈧侽鈧� to act as either an acid or a base, depending on the solution it's in contact with.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Many oxides of nitrogen have positive values for the standard free energy of formation. Using NO as an example, explain why this is the case.

Hydrogen peroxide is used as a cleaning agent in the treatment of cuts and abrasions for several reasons. It is an oxidizing agent that can directly kill many microorganisms; it decomposes upon contact with blood, releasing elemental oxygen gas (which inhibits the growth of anaerobic microorganisms); and it foams upon contact with blood, which provides a cleansing action. In the laboratory, small quantities of hydrogen peroxide can be prepared by the action of an acid on an alkaline earth metal peroxide, such as barium peroxide: $$\mathrm{BaO}_{2}(s)+2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}(a q)$$ What mass of hydrogen peroxide can result when \(1.50 \mathrm{~g}\) barium peroxide is treated with \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) hydrochloric acid solution containing \(0.0272 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{HCl}\) per \(\mathrm{mL}\) ? What mass of which reagent is left unreacted?

Write a balanced equation describing the reaction of aluminum metal with concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide.

How can the paramagnetism of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) be explained using the molecular orbital model?

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.050 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\) solution. The \(K_{\mathrm{a}}\) value for \(\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}{ }^{3+}\) is \(1.4 \times 10^{-5}\).
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