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Chapter 20: Problem 28

Thallium and indium form \(+1\) and \(+3\) oxidation states when in compounds. Predict the formulas of the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen and between indium and chlorine. Name the compounds.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The possible compounds between thallium and oxygen are TlO (Thallium(I) oxide or Thallium monoxide) and Tl鈧侽鈧� (Thallium(III) oxide or Thallium trioxide). The possible compounds between indium and chlorine are InCl (Indium(I) chloride or Indium monochloride) and InCl鈧� (Indium(III) chloride or Indium trichloride).

Step by step solution

01

Identify the charges of the elements

Thallium has oxidation states of \(+1\) and \(+3\), and oxygen has an oxidation state of \(-2\). Indium also has oxidation states of \(+1\) and \(+3\), while chlorine has an oxidation state of \(-1\).
02

Determine the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen

We will balance charges in order to create neutral compounds. There are two possible scenarios for the thallium and oxygen compound: 1. Thallium with \(+1\) oxidation state, forming a compound with one oxygen atom: \[ \textrm{Tl}^{+1} \qquad \textrm{O}^{-2} \] 2. Thallium with \(+3\) oxidation state, forming a compound with multiple oxygen atoms: \[ \textrm{Tl}^{+3} \qquad \textrm{O}^{-2} \]
03

Create formulas for the thallium and oxygen compounds

By charging the balancing process for each scenario: 1. Thallium with \(+1\) oxidation state and one oxygen atom: \[ \textrm{Tl}_{1}\textrm{O}_{1} \] 2. Thallium with \(+3\) oxidation state and multiple oxygen atoms: \[ \textrm{Tl}_{1}\textrm{O}_{\frac{3}{2}} \] However, this formula contains a fractional value for oxygen, which is not correct. Therefore, we will multiply the entire formula by 2 to get whole number ratios: \[ 2\times\left(\textrm{Tl}_{1}\textrm{O}_{\frac{3}{2}}\right)=\textrm{Tl}_{2}\textrm{O}_{3} \] The possible compounds between thallium and oxygen are TlO and Tl鈧侽鈧�.
04

Determine the possible compounds between indium and chlorine

We will balance charges in order to create neutral compounds. There are two possible scenarios for the indium and chlorine compound: 1. Indium with \(+1\) oxidation state, forming a compound with one chlorine atom: \[ \textrm{In}^{+1} \qquad \textrm{Cl}^{-1} \] 2. Indium with \(+3\) oxidation state, forming a compound with multiple chlorine atoms: \[ \textrm{In}^{+3} \qquad \textrm{Cl}^{-1} \]
05

Create formulas for the indium and chlorine compounds

By charging the balancing process for each scenario: 1. Indium with \(+1\) oxidation state and one chlorine atom: \[ \textrm{In}_{1}\textrm{Cl}_{1} \] 2. Indium with \(+3\) oxidation state and multiple chlorine atoms: \[ \textrm{In}_{1}\textrm{Cl}_{3} \] The possible compounds between indium and chlorine are InCl and InCl鈧�.
06

Name the compounds

Using the IUPAC naming conventions, the compounds and their names are as follows: 1. Thallium and oxygen compounds: - TlO: Thallium(I) oxide or Thallium monoxide - Tl鈧侽鈧�: Thallium(III) oxide or Thallium trioxide 2. Indium and chlorine compounds: - InCl: Indium(I) chloride or Indium monochloride - InCl鈧�: Indium(III) chloride or Indium trichloride

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