/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 3 Which type of radioactive decay ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 19: Problem 3

Which type of radioactive decay has the net effect of changing a neutron into a proton? Which type of decay has the net effect of turning a proton into a neutron?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The type of radioactive decay that has the net effect of changing a neutron into a proton is Beta decay (尾-), represented by the equation: \(n \to p + e^{-} + \bar{\nu_e}\) The types of radioactive decay that have the net effect of turning a proton into a neutron are Positron emission (尾+) and Electron capture, represented by the equations: \(p \to n + e^{+} + \nu_e\) (Positron emission) \(p + e^{-} \to n + \bar{\nu_e}\) (Electron capture)

Step by step solution

01

Review Types of Radioactive Decay

There are several types of radioactive decay: Alpha decay, Beta decay, Gamma decay, Positron emission, and Electron capture. We will focus on Beta decay, Positron emission, and Electron capture, as they involve transformations between protons and neutrons directly.
02

Beta Decay (尾-)

Beta decay (尾-) is the process in which a neutron is converted into a proton by emitting an electron (and an electron antineutrino). This results in an increase in the atomic number by 1. The decay can be represented by the following equation: \(n \to p + e^{-} + \bar{\nu_e}\) Here, 'n' represents a neutron, 'p' a proton, \(e^-\) an electron, and \(\bar{\nu_e}\) an electron antineutrino.
03

Positron Emission (尾+)

Positron emission (尾+) is the process in which a proton is converted into a neutron by emitting a positron (and an electron neutrino). This results in a decrease in the atomic number by 1. The decay can be represented by the following equation: \(p \to n + e^{+} + \nu_e\) Here, 'p' represents a proton, 'n' a neutron, \(e^+\) a positron, and \(\nu_e\) an electron neutrino.
04

Electron Capture

Electron capture is the process in which a proton captures an electron from an inner electron shell of the atom, transforming itself into a neutron. This results in a decrease in the atomic number by 1. The decay can be represented by the following equation: \(p + e^{-} \to n + \bar{\nu_e}\) Here, 'p' represents a proton, 'n' a neutron, \(e^-\) an electron, and \(\bar{\nu_e}\) an electron antineutrino.
05

Identify Decay Types for Proton and Neutron Conversion

Now that we have reviewed the relevant types of radioactive decay, we can identify which ones meet our criteria. 1. The type of radioactive decay that has the net effect of changing a neutron into a proton is Beta decay (尾-), as seen in the equation: \(n \to p + e^{-} + \bar{\nu_e}\) 2. The types of radioactive decay that have the net effect of turning a proton into a neutron are Positron emission (尾+) and Electron capture, as seen in the equations: \(p \to n + e^{+} + \nu_e\) (Positron emission) \(p + e^{-} \to n + \bar{\nu_e}\) (Electron capture)

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Estimate the temperature needed to achieve the fusion of deuterium to make an \(\alpha\) particle. The energy required can be estimated from Coulomb's law [use the form \(E=9.0 \times 10^{9}\) \(\left(Q_{1} Q_{2} / r\right)\), using \(Q=1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\) for a proton, and \(r=2 \times\) \(10^{-15} \mathrm{~m}\) for the helium nucleus; the unit for the proportionality constant in Coloumb's law is \(\left.\mathrm{J} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{C}^{2}\right]\).

Phosphorus- 32 is a commonly used radioactive nuclide in biochemical research, particularly in studies of nucleic acids. The half-life of phosphorus-32 is \(14.3\) days. What mass of phosphorus32 is left from an original sample of \(175 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{Na}_{3}{ }^{32} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) after \(35.0\) days? Assume the atomic mass of \({ }^{32} \mathrm{P}\) is \(32.0\).

Which do you think would be the greater health hazard: the release of a radioactive nuclide of Sr or a radioactive nuclide of Xe into the environment? Assume the amount of radioactivity is the same in each case. Explain your answer on the basis of the chemical properties of \(\mathrm{Sr}\) and Xe. Why are the chemical properties of a radioactive substance important in assessing its potential health hazards?

When nuclei undergo nuclear transformations, \(\gamma\) rays of characteristic frequencies are observed. How does this fact, along with other information in the chapter on nuclear stability, suggest that a quantum mechanical model may apply to the nucleus?

The mass ratios of \({ }^{40}\) Ar to \({ }^{40} \mathrm{~K}\) also can be used to date geologic materials. Potassium- 40 decays by two processes: $$\begin{array}{l}{ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{e} \longrightarrow{ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}(10.7 \%) \quad t_{1 / 2}=1.27 \times 10^{9} \text { years } \\\\{ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K} \longrightarrow{ }_{20}^{40} \mathrm{Ca}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{e}(89.3 \%) & \end{array}$$ a. Why are \({ }^{40} \mathrm{Ar} /{ }^{40} \mathrm{~K}\) ratios used to date materials rather than \({ }^{40} \mathrm{Ca} /{ }^{40} \mathrm{~K}\) ratios? b. What assumptions must be made using this technique? c. A sedimentary rock has an \({ }^{40} \mathrm{Ar} /{ }^{40} \mathrm{~K}\) ratio of \(0.95 .\) Calculate the age of the rock. d. How will the measured age of a rock compare to the actual age if some \({ }^{40}\) Ar escaped from the sample?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.