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Chapter 11: Problem 11
Rubbing alcohol contains 585 g isopropanol \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) per liter (aqueous solution). Calculate the molarity.
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In flushing and cleaning columns used in liquid chromatography to remove adsorbed contaminants, a series of solvents is used. Hexane \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}\right)\), chloroform \(\left(\mathrm{CHCl}_{3}\right)\), methanol \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\right)\), and water are passed through the column in that order. Rationalize the order in terms of intermolecular forces and the mutual solu- bility (miscibility) of the solvents.
You make \(20.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of a sucrose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}\right)\) and \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) mixture and dissolve it in \(1.00 \mathrm{~kg}\) water. The freezing point of this solution s found to be \(-0.426^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Assuming ideal behavior, calculate the nass percent composition of the original mixture, and the mole fraction of sucrose in the original mixture.
Consider the following solutions: \(0.010 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{Na}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) in water \(0.020 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{CaBr}_{2}\) in water \(0.020 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{KCl}\) in water \(0.020 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{HF}\) in water \((\mathrm{HF}\) is a weak acid. \()\) a. Assuming complete dissociation of the soluble salts, which solution(s) would have the same boiling point as \(0.040 \mathrm{~m}\) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) in water? \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) is a nonelectrolyte. b. Which solution would have the highest vapor pressure at \(28^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? c. Which solution would have the largest freezing-point depression?
Write equations showing the ions present after the following strong electrolytes are dissolved in water. a. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) d. \(\mathrm{SrBr}_{2}\) g. \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{NO}_{3}\) b. \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) e. \(\mathrm{KClO}_{4}\) h. \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}\) c. \(\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\) f. \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Br}\) i. \(\mathrm{NaOH}\)
Which solvent, water or carbon tetrachloride, would you choose to dissolve each of the following? a. \(\mathrm{KrF}_{2}\) e. \(\mathrm{MgF}_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{SF}_{2}\) f. \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) c. \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) g. \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) d. \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)
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