/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 18 Will a crystalline solid or an a... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 10: Problem 18

Will a crystalline solid or an amorphous solid give a simpler X-ray diffraction pattern? Why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A crystalline solid will give a simpler X-ray diffraction pattern compared to an amorphous solid. This is because the regular, repeating atomic arrangement in crystalline solids results in sharp, distinct peaks in the diffraction pattern, making it easier to analyze and determine the atomic structure. In contrast, the irregular atomic arrangement in amorphous solids leads to complex and diffuse patterns with broad peaks.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids

Crystalline solids have a long-range ordered arrangement of their atoms in a three-dimensional pattern, which repeats periodically. This means that the individual atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline solid are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. In contrast, amorphous solids lack long-range order and have an irregular arrangement of their atoms, ions, or molecules.
02

Understanding X-ray diffraction

X-ray diffraction is a technique used to study the atomic structure of materials, like solids. In this process, an X-ray beam is directed at the material, and then the scattered X-rays are collected and analyzed. The resulting diffraction pattern contains information about the atomic arrangements within the material, which can be used to determine the distance between the atoms and the overall structure of the material.
03

Analyzing the effect of atomic arrangements on X-ray diffraction patterns

Given that crystalline solids have a regular, repeating atomic arrangement, their X-ray diffraction patterns are characterized by sharp, distinct peaks. These peaks occur at specific angles and result from constructive interference of the X-rays scattering off the atoms in the crystal lattice. In contrast, amorphous solids have an irregular atomic arrangement, which results in X-ray diffraction patterns with broad, diffuse peaks due to the lack of long-range order and the presence of varying atomic distances and angles.
04

Determining which type of solid produces a simpler X-ray diffraction pattern

In the case of a crystalline solid, the sharp and distinct peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern make it easier to analyze and determine the atomic structure. On the other hand, amorphous solids produce more complex and diffuse patterns due to their irregular atomic arrangements. Therefore, a crystalline solid will give a simpler X-ray diffraction pattern compared to an amorphous solid.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The compounds \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{CdS}\), and \(\mathrm{Zr} \mathrm{I}_{4}\) all can be described as cubic closest packed anions with the cations in tetrahedral holes. What fraction of the tetrahedral holes is occupied for each case?

You have three covalent compounds with three very different boiling points. All of the compounds have similar molar mass and relative shape. Explain how these three compounds could have very different boiling points.

For a simple cubic array, solve for the volume of an interior sphere (cubic hole) in terms of the radius of a sphere in the array.

The molar enthalpy of vaporization of water at \(373 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(1.00\) atm is \(40.7 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). What fraction of this energy is used to change the internal energy of the water, and what fraction is used to do work against the atmosphere? (Hint: Assume that water vapor is an ideal gas.)

The critical point of \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) is \(132^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(111 \mathrm{~atm}\), and the critical point of \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) is \(-147^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 34 atm. Which of these substances cannot be liquefied at room temperature no matter how much pressure is applied? Explain.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.