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Chapter 2: Problem 98

Write symbols for the following isotopes: (a) Radon- 220 (b) Polonium-210 (c) Gold-197

Short Answer

Expert verified
Radon-220: \( ^{220}_{86}Rn \), Polonium-210: \( ^{210}_{84}Po \), Gold-197: \( ^{197}_{79}Au \).

Step by step solution

01

Understand Isotope Notation

Isotope notation generally includes the element's symbol, atomic number, and mass number. The atomic number is the number of protons, which defines the element, and the mass number is the total of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
02

Identify Atomic Numbers

Find the atomic number of each element. We use the periodic table for reference: - Radon (Rn) has an atomic number of 86. - Polonium (Po) has an atomic number of 84. - Gold (Au) has an atomic number of 79.
03

Write Isotope Symbols for Each Element

Using the isotope notation method, write each of the given isotopes:1. **Radon-220:** With atomic number 86 and mass number 220, the symbol is \( ^{220}_{86}Rn \).2. **Polonium-210:** With atomic number 84 and mass number 210, the symbol is \( ^{210}_{84}Po \).3. **Gold-197:** With atomic number 79 and mass number 197, the symbol is \( ^{197}_{79}Au \).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Atomic Number
The atomic number of an element is a key identifier in the periodic table, representing the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of the element. Every element has a unique atomic number, making it essential for distinguishing one element from another. For example:
  • Radon (Rn) has an atomic number of 86, meaning it has 86 protons in its nucleus.
  • Polonium (Po) has an atomic number of 84.
  • Gold (Au) has an atomic number of 79.
Knowing the atomic number is crucial for understanding the element's position in the periodic table and its properties, as it defines the chemical behavior of the element. The atomic number also helps in writing isotope notation, which specifies isotopes based on the number of neutrons they have.
Mass Number
The mass number of an element is the sum of its protons and neutrons within the nucleus. It is not always identical to the atomic mass found on the periodic table, which considers all isotopes of an element. The mass number is crucial for specifying different isotopes of an element. For example:
  • Radon-220 has a mass number of 220, indicating 220 total protons and neutrons.
  • Polonium-210 has a mass number of 210.
  • Gold-197 has a mass number of 197.
Using the mass number and the atomic number together allows scientists and students to calculate the number of neutrons in an isotope by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. For instance, Radon-220 has 220 - 86 = 134 neutrons.
Element Symbols
Element symbols are one or two-letter abbreviations derived from their English or Latin names. These symbols are universally recognized and used in chemical equations and isotope notation. When writing isotope symbols, the element symbol is combined with mass and atomic numbers to convey comprehensive information about the isotope:
  • Radon-220: Represented as \( ^{220}_{86}Rn \), where Rn is the symbol for Radon.
  • Polonium-210: Represented as \( ^{210}_{84}Po \).
  • Gold-197: Represented as \( ^{197}_{79}Au \).
These symbols accurately capture the elemental identity, atomic structure, and mass, which is essential for scientific communication, ensuring clear and concise information on the isotopes being studied. Understanding element symbols is integral to decoding isotope notation and mastering chemical terminology.

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