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Chapter 10: Problem 40

Write the laboratory preparation of ethyne gas in brief.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Briefly explain the laboratory preparation of ethyne gas. Answer: The laboratory preparation of ethyne gas involves a reaction between calcium carbide (CaC2) and water (H2O), which produces ethyne (C2H2) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). The process includes setting up a dropping funnel connected to a gas collection apparatus, adding calcium carbide to the funnel, and slowly introducing water drop by drop to control the reaction rate. The ethyne gas released is then collected by displacing air in the container. Finally, the presence of ethyne is confirmed by creating a small explosion or popping sound when a source of ignition is brought close to the container's mouth.

Step by step solution

01

Materials and equipment required

To prepare ethyne gas in a laboratory, the following materials and equipment are needed: 1. Calcium carbide (CaC2) 2. Water 3. A dropping funnel 4. A gas collection apparatus 5. A source of ignition (e.g., a bunsen burner or a lighter)
02

Set up the apparatus

Arrange the dropping funnel with its opening connected to a gas collection apparatus (such as a test tube or an inverted graduated cylinder). The delivery tube of the apparatus should be connected to the dropping funnel so that the gases produced can be collected in the desired vessel.
03

Add calcium carbide

Place a small amount of calcium carbide (CaC2) into the dropping funnel.
04

Add water

Slowly add water (H2O) into the funnel containing calcium carbide. The water should be added drop by drop to control the reaction rate and ensure the safe production of ethyne gas.
05

Observe the reaction

The reaction between calcium carbide and water generates ethyne (C2H2) gas and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) as a byproduct: CaC2 + 2H2O -> C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 The ethyne gas will be released through the delivery tube and can be collected in the gas collection apparatus.
06

Collect the ethyne gas

Collect the ethyne gas in the gas collection apparatus by allowing it to displace the air in the container. Ensure that the gas collection process is done carefully to avoid any accidents.
07

Test the ethyne gas

Once enough ethyne gas has been collected, test the gas to confirm its presence. This can be done by bringing a source of ignition near the mouth of the gas collection container, which should cause a small explosion or a loud popping sound.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Calcium Carbide Reaction
In the laboratory, the production of ethyne begins with the reaction of calcium carbide with water. Calcium carbide (CaC\(_2\)) is a solid chemical compound that reacts vigorously with water. When water is added to calcium carbide, a chemical reaction occurs, producing ethyne gas (C\(_2\)H\(_2\)) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)\(_2\)) as a byproduct. The chemical equation for this reaction is: \[ \text{CaC}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_2 + \text{Ca(OH)}_2 \]This reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it releases a significant amount of heat, which is why it must be controlled carefully using a dropping method for water addition.
  • Energetic reaction requires controlled conditions.
  • Calcium hydroxide forms as a solid byproduct.
Ethyne Gas Production
To produce ethyne gas, water is added drop by drop to the calcium carbide placed within the dropping funnel. This controlled addition is essential to manage the rate of reaction, preventing any high temperatures and ensuring safety. As water and calcium carbide react, ethyne gas is evolved. The production of ethyne is both visible and audible because the reaction can produce a popping sound if it ignites accidentally.
  • Ethyne is also known as acetylene.
  • This gas is colorless but highly flammable.
Gas Collection Apparatus
Collecting gases involves specific arrangements to ensure that the gas collected is pure and uncontaminated. In this setup, a gas collection apparatus, such as an inverted test tube or graduated cylinder, is connected to the dropping funnel. The wide opening allows the gas to enter and displace the air in the container. Using a delivery tube ensures that ethyne gas is efficiently guided into the collection apparatus without dissipating into the surroundings.
  • Collection prevents impurity from air mixing.
  • Inverted setup helps in capturing maximum gas.
Safety in Gas Preparation
Safety is paramount during the preparation of ethyne gas due to its flammable nature and the potential hazards posed by the chemicals involved. It's crucial to conduct this experiment in a well-ventilated area and use appropriate protective gear like gloves and goggles. The dropping funnel must be handled carefully, and water should be added slowly to prevent rapid reaction rates. Ignition sources should be kept away until testing, as ethyne is prone to catching fire easily.
  • Proper lab attire is a must.
  • Maintain a safe distance from the apparatus.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Differentiate the ground state and excited state electronic configuration of carbon atom.

Observe the molecular formulae and classify the following hydrocarbons into alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. (i) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\) (ii) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (iii) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}\) (iv) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) (v) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (vi) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8}\)

What is chain isomerism? How many structural isomers are possible for the compound with molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} ?\)

Give the reactions representing the combustion of methane, ethane and ethyne.

How is the position of alkyl group determined from he IUPAC name of the hydrocarbon?
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