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Chapter 4: Problem 158

Can the following decomposition reaction be characterized as an acid-base reaction? Explain. \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+\mathrm{HCl}(g)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Yes, the decomposition reaction of ammonium chloride can be characterized as an acid-base reaction. In this reaction, there is a transfer of a proton from the ammonium ion to the chloride ion, a key feature of acid-base reactions.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Reaction

First, look at the chemical reaction provided: \(NH_4Cl(s) \rightarrow NH_3(g) + HCl(g)\). This is a decomposition reaction where solid ammonium chloride decomposes into ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas.
02

Identify the Possibility of Proton Transfer

In an acid-base reaction, there is a transfer of a proton (H+) from one substance to another. To know if this reaction is an acid-base reaction, identify if there is a proton transfer in the decomposition reaction of ammonium chloride. In the given reaction, one of the hydrogen atoms from the ammonium ion (NH4+) is separated and joins with a chloride ion (Cl-) to form HCl. This illustrates a transfer of a proton (H+).
03

Conclusion

Because there is a proton transfer from ammonium to chloride, this decomposition reaction can indeed be characterized as an acid-base reaction. In this case, the ammonium ion (NH4+) acts as the acid (proton donor), and the chloride ion (Cl-) acts as the base (proton acceptor).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium chloride, denoted as \(NH_4Cl\), is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. It is commonly used in various applications, such as fertilizers, as a component in dry cells, and even in some medical treatments.
In chemistry, ammonium chloride is known for its ability to undergo a decomposition reaction when heated. This decomposition results in the formation of ammonia \(NH_3(g)\) and hydrogen chloride \(HCl(g)\).
Understanding this compound is essential when exploring many chemical reactions, particularly when classifying the type of reaction it undergoes, such as acid-base interactions.
Acid-Base Reaction
An acid-base reaction is a chemical process characterized by the exchange of protons (H+) between reactants. These reactions are fundamental to chemistry and occur frequently in both industrial and biological processes.
In the decomposition of ammonium chloride, an acid-base reaction is identified by the proton transfer from the ammonium ion \(NH_4^+\) (acting as the acid) to the chloride ion \(Cl^鈭抃) (acting as the base).
Why is it important to identify acid-base reactions? Understanding these reactions helps in predicting the products of reactions, determining pH levels, and is essential for the practical applications in chemistry.
Proton Transfer
Proton transfer, also referred to as a proton exchange, is a fundamental concept in acid-base chemistry. It involves the movement of a proton (H+) from one molecule to another.
In the context of the ammonium chloride decomposition, the ammonium ion \(NH_4^+\) donates a proton to the chloride ion \(Cl^-\).
This proton transfer is significant because it allows the identification of this decomposition as an acid-base reaction, where the proton donor and acceptor are clearly defined.
Ammonium Ion
The ammonium ion \(NH_4^+\) is a polyatomic ion formed by the gain of a proton by ammonia \(NH_3\). It plays a pivotal role in the decomposition of ammonium chloride.
In the decomposition reaction, the ammonium ion acts as the acid, which means it donates a proton. As the proton donor, it allows for the proton transfer process that characterizes an acid-base reaction.
  • Forms when ammonia accepts a proton
  • Acts as a proton donor in reactions
  • Contributes to forming hydrogen chloride in decomposition
Understanding the behavior of the ammonium ion is key to mastering the reactions it participates in.
Chloride Ion
The chloride ion \(Cl^-\) is a simple anion that is essential in many chemical reactions. It's formed when a chlorine atom gains an electron, making it negatively charged.
In the decomposition of ammonium chloride, the chloride ion serves as the base by accepting a proton from the ammonium ion.
Its role as a proton acceptor is vital in identifying which side of the reaction acts as the acid and base. This behavior showcases its importance in acid-base reactions, particularly in the reaction with ammonium chloride.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the mass of \(\mathrm{KI}\) in grams required to prepare \(5.00 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{~mL}\) of a \(2.80 \mathrm{M}\) solution.

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