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Chapter 21: Problem 40

Write chemical formulas for (a) quicklime, (b) slaked lime, (c) limewater.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The chemical formulas are quicklime: \( CaO \), slaked lime: \( Ca(OH)_2 \), limewater: \( Ca(OH)_2 \) in water.

Step by step solution

01

Chemical Formula for Quicklime

Quicklime, also known as Calcium Oxide, is a commonly used chemical compound in various industries like construction, agriculture, and chemistry. Its chemical formula is \( CaO \).
02

Chemical Formula for Slaked Lime

Slaked Lime, also known as Calcium Hydroxide or hydrated lime, is produced by adding water to quicklime. The chemical formula for slaked lime is \( Ca(OH)_2 \).
03

Chemical Formula for Limewater

Limewater is a solution of slaked lime in water. Limewater is not a new chemical compound and hence doesn't have a new formula. It's still \( Ca(OH)_2 \), but dissolved in water.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Quicklime
Quicklime, scientifically named calcium oxide, is a widely used material in various industries, including construction and agriculture. Known for being a white, caustic, and alkaline crystalline solid, it plays a significant role as a key industrial chemical.

The chemical formula for quicklime is simple: CaO. Here, calcium (Ca) combines with oxygen (O) to form calcium oxide. This compound is typically created through the process of calcination, where limestone ( CaCO_3) is heated at temperatures above 825掳C. This heat-driven reaction decomposes limestone, releasing carbon dioxide ( CO_2) and leaving behind calcium oxide.
  • Used in steel manufacturing to remove impurities
  • Acts as a soil stabilizer in agriculture
  • Essential in cement and plaster production
Slaked Lime
When water is added to quicklime, it transforms into a new substance known as slaked lime, or calcium hydroxide. This process is called "slaking". The chemical formula for slaked lime is Ca(OH)_2, which indicates that two hydroxide ions (OH) combine with one calcium ion (Ca).

Slaked lime serves varied functions in different fields:
  • Utilized in the process of making mortar and plaster
  • Neutralizes acidic soils in agriculture
  • Used in sugar refining to purify raw sugar
The transformation from quicklime to slaked lime is exothermic, which means it releases heat. This makes it a fascinating chemical reaction not just for industrial purposes but also for educational demonstrations.
Limewater
Limewater is essentially a clear solution formed when slaked lime is dissolved in water. Despite being a solution, its chemical identity remains unchanged as Ca(OH)_2.

Limewater finds its application in several areas:
  • Used in laboratories to test for carbon dioxide, turning milky upon contact due to calcium carbonate formation
  • Acts as a neutralizing agent for acidic gases
  • Common in the food industry to adjust pH levels
The clarity of limewater can be attributed to the fact that only a small portion of calcium hydroxide actually dissolves in water. However, this simple solution is incredibly useful for exploring basic chemical reactions and principles in both learning and practical environments.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the Mond process for the purification of nickel, CO is passed over metallic nickel to give \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}\) : $$\mathrm{Ni}(s)+4 \mathrm{CO}(g) \Longrightarrow \mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}(g)$$Given that the standard free energies of formation of \(\mathrm{CO}(g)\) and \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}(g)\) are \(-137.3 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) and \(-587.4 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol},\) respectively, calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction at \(80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (Assume \(\Delta G_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) to be independent of temperature.

List three metals that are usually found in an uncombined state in nature and three metals that are always found in a combined state in nature.

Use compounds of aluminum as an example to explain what is meant by amphoterism.

Explain each of the following statements: (a) An aqueous solution of \(\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}\) is acidic. (b) \(\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}\) is soluble in \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) solutions but not in \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) solution.

When an inert atmosphere is needed for a metallurgical process, nitrogen is frequently used. However, in the reduction of \(\mathrm{TiCl}_{4}\) by magnesium, helium is used. Explain why nitrogen is not suitable for this process.
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